Biodiversity

Question 1

What is a species?

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

What two things are courtship rituals essential for?

Answer 2

• species recognition
• successful mating

Question 3

How do courtship rituals allow species recognition?

Answer 3

Each ritual is a sequence of actions which is UNIQUE to each species

Question 4

In what four ways do courtship rituals result in successful mating?

Answer 4

• helps identify own species
• determines if females are in the receptive stage of the sexual cycle
• synchronises mating so there is a maximum probability of the Sperm + egg meeting
• forms a pair bond so organisms have high affinity for each other from successful mating and raising off offspring

Question 5

What is classification?

Answer 5

The process of organising living organisms into groups

Question 6

What is artificial classification?

Answer 6

Classifying organisms based off of physical characteristics

Question 7

phylogeny?

Answer 7

Shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms by reflecting the evolutionary branch that led to the organism

Question 8

What is phylogenetic classification?

Answer 8

Grouping based on evolutionary relationships

Question 9

What is phylogeny demonstrated by?

Answer 9

Cladograms - tree like diagrams
The branches show a common ancestor

Question 10

What are cladograms based off?

Answer 10

Shared features derived from common ancestors

Question 11

What are shared features also known as?

Answer 11

Homologous characteristics

Question 12

What is a hierarchy?

Answer 12

Where groups are contained within larger groups that do not overlap

Question 13

What is each group in a phylogenetic system called?

Answer 13

A taxon

Question 14

What is the order of each taxa?

Answer 14

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species

Question 15

What three domains are there?

Answer 15

1) Bacteria (single celled)
2) Eukarya
3) Archaea (single celled)

Question 16

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

Answer 16

1- animalia
2- fungi
3- plantae
4- protoctista
5- prokaryota

Question 17

What 4 kingdoms are under eukaryota?

Answer 17

Animalia, fungi, plantae, protoctista

Question 18

What kingdom comes under bacteria or archaea?

Answer 18

Prokaryota

Question 19

What 5 issues lead to the creation of the binomial making system?

Answer 19

• many different breeds
• unfixed species
• many species are extinct
• some rarely sexually reproduce
• one species are isolated and can’t interbreed

Question 20

What does the binomial naming system consist of?

Answer 20

The Genus and species

Question 21

In exams, how do you write the genus and species?

Answer 21

Genus with capital first letter and species with lowercase first letter

Question 22

What font is the genus and species written in?

Answer 22

Italics

Question 23

What is an important use of the binomial naming system?

Answer 23

Means the same name can be used worldwide

Question 24

What 2 kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus relate to using his artificial characteristics?

Answer 24

Plants and animals

Question 25

What does classification help with?

Answer 25

Helps us understand how living things are related (evolutionary relationships)

Question 26

What is immunology?

Answer 26

Taking a protein and injecting it into different species. The more antigen-antibody complexes formed shows the more closely related they are

Question 27

What is genome sequencing?

Answer 27

The more closely related two species are, the more similarities there will be between their 2 genomes

Question 28

What is biodiversity?

Answer 28

The number and variety of living organisms in a particular area

Question 29

What 3 components make up an area’s biodiversity ?

Answer 29

Species diversity, Genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity

Question 30

What is species diversity?

Answer 30

The number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within any one community

Question 31

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 31

The variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species

Question 32

What is ecosystem diversity?

Answer 32

The range of different habitats from a small local habitat to the whole of the earth

Question 33

What is courtship behaviour essential for?

Answer 33

Successful mating and species recognition

Question 34

What is passed on in reproduction to ensure the survival of a species?

Answer 34

Advantageous alleles

Question 35

What is a courtship ritual?

Answer 35

A sequence of actions which is how animals identify members of their own species to reproduce with

Question 36

How can you identify species by their courtship rituals?

Answer 36

Each one is unique to each species

Question 37

What 5 things may a sequence include?

Answer 37

- dance moves - sounds - release of pheromones - display of colourful feathers - fight

Question 38

Why is courtship good for synchronising mating?

Answer 38

Creates the maximum probability of a sperm and egg meeting

Question 39

How is a pair bond formed?

Answer 39

The successful mating and raising of offspring

Question 40

Give 5 reasons why courtship is important:

Answer 40

-recognise members of own species - synchronises mating - forms a pair bond - identifies a mate that is capable of breeding - becomes able to breed as the opposite sex is brought into state

Question 41

Are rituals genetically determined?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

The more similar a courtship sequence between different species…

Answer 42

… the more closely related a species are

Question 43

Why can females only conceive within a short period of time?

Answer 43

They undergo a cycle of sexual activity

Question 44

What happens when females are receptive to mating?

Answer 44

They have produced eggs

Question 45

In terms of females, what does courtship determine?

Answer 45

Whether or not the females are in the receptive stage