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Biology Term 4 > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What two things are courtship rituals essential for?

A
  • species recognition
  • successful mating
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3
Q

How do courtship rituals allow species recognition?

A

Each ritual is a sequence of actions which is UNIQUE to each species

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4
Q

In what four ways do courtship rituals result in successful mating?

A
  • helps identify own species
  • determines if females are in the receptive stage of the sexual cycle
  • synchronises mating so there is a maximum probability of the Sperm + egg meeting
  • forms a pair bond so organisms have high affinity for each other from successful mating and raising off offspring
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5
Q

What is classification?

A

The process of organising living organisms into groups

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6
Q

What is artificial classification?

A

Classifying organisms based off of physical characteristics

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7
Q

phylogeny?

A

Shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms by reflecting the evolutionary branch that led to the organism

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8
Q

What is phylogenetic classification?

A

Grouping based on evolutionary relationships

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9
Q

What is phylogeny demonstrated by?

A

Cladograms - tree like diagrams
The branches show a common ancestor

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10
Q

What are cladograms based off?

A

Shared features derived from common ancestors

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11
Q

What are shared features also known as?

A

Homologous characteristics

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12
Q

What is a hierarchy?

A

Where groups are contained within larger groups that do not overlap

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13
Q

What is each group in a phylogenetic system called?

A

A taxon

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14
Q

What is the order of each taxa?

A

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species

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15
Q

What three domains are there?

A

1) Bacteria (single celled)
2) Eukarya
3) Archaea (single celled)

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16
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

A

1- animalia
2- fungi
3- plantae
4- protoctista
5- prokaryota

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17
Q

What 4 kingdoms are under eukaryota?

A

Animalia, fungi, plantae, protoctista

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18
Q

What kingdom comes under bacteria or archaea?

A

Prokaryota

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19
Q

What 5 issues lead to the creation of the binomial making system?

A
  • many different breeds
  • unfixed species
  • many species are extinct
  • some rarely sexually reproduce
  • one species are isolated and can’t interbreed
20
Q

What does the binomial naming system consist of?

A

The Genus and species

21
Q

In exams, how do you write the genus and species?

A

Genus with capital first letter and species with lowercase first letter

22
Q

What font is the genus and species written in?

A

Italics

23
Q

What is an important use of the binomial naming system?

A

Means the same name can be used worldwide

24
Q

What 2 kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus relate to using his artificial characteristics?

A

Plants and animals

25
Q

What does classification help with?

A

Helps us understand how living things are related (evolutionary relationships)

26
Q

What is immunology?

A

Taking a protein and injecting it into different species. The more antigen-antibody complexes formed shows the more closely related they are

27
Q

What is genome sequencing?

A

The more closely related two species are, the more similarities there will be between their 2 genomes

28
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The number and variety of living organisms in a particular area

29
Q

What 3 components make up an area’s biodiversity ?

A

Species diversity, Genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity

30
Q

What is species diversity?

A

The number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within any one community

31
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species

32
Q

What is ecosystem diversity?

A

The range of different habitats from a small local habitat to the whole of the earth

33
Q

What is courtship behaviour essential for?

A

Successful mating and species recognition

34
Q

What is passed on in reproduction to ensure the survival of a species?

A

Advantageous alleles

35
Q

What is a courtship ritual?

A

A sequence of actions which is how animals identify members of their own species to reproduce with

36
Q

How can you identify species by their courtship rituals?

A

Each one is unique to each species

37
Q

What 5 things may a sequence include?

A
  • dance moves
  • sounds
  • release of pheromones
  • display of colourful feathers
  • fight
38
Q

Why is courtship good for synchronising mating?

A

Creates the maximum probability of a sperm and egg meeting

39
Q

How is a pair bond formed?

A

The successful mating and raising of offspring

40
Q

Give 5 reasons why courtship is important:

A

-recognise members of own species
- synchronises mating
- forms a pair bond
- identifies a mate that is capable of breeding
- becomes able to breed as the opposite sex is brought into state

41
Q

Are rituals genetically determined?

A

Yes

42
Q

The more similar a courtship sequence between different species…

A

… the more closely related a species are

43
Q

Why can females only conceive within a short period of time?

A

They undergo a cycle of sexual activity

44
Q

What happens when females are receptive to mating?

A

They have produced eggs

45
Q

In terms of females, what does courtship determine?

A

Whether or not the females are in the receptive stage

Biology Term 4 (9 decks)

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