Human Anatomy Parts 1 & 2 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
bones that attach to the axial skeleton
2
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
bones that support the head, neck, and trunk.
3
Q
Cardiac Muscle
A
tissue only found in the heart.
4
Q
Carpal
A
Wrist bone that attach the hand to the arm.
5
Q
Cartilage
A
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone.
6
Q
Circulatory
A
a) Includes: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries
b) Function: moves blood
7
Q
Clavicle
A
attaches to the thorax
8
Q
Compact bone
A
strong, dense bone found in the diaphysis
9
Q
Coxal bones
A
two large, heavy bones that attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
10
Q
Diaphysis
A
shaft of the bone
11
Q
Digestive system
A
breaks down food into smaller components that can be utilized by the body; filters harmful substances in food
12
Q
Endocrine system
A
a) includes: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and the adrenal gland
b) Function: sends chemical messages through the body
13
Q
Endomysium
A
a protective layer that wraps each muscle fiber.
14
Q
Epimysium
A
surrounds entire muscle
15
Q
Epiphysis
A
bulging end of the bone
16
Q
Excretory or Urinary system
A
a) Includes: Sweat glands, kidneys, bladder, and urethra. b) Functions: removes wastes
17
Q
Fascicle
A
bundle of muscle fibers
18
Q
Femur
A
the bone at the top of the leg
19
Q
Flat bones
A
protect vital organs, such as the ribs and cranial bones
20
Q
Fibula
A
Smaller lower leg bone
21
Q
Haversian canals
A
small tunnels created by osteoclasts as they move through the bones
22
Q
Hemopoiesis
A
Manufactures red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood in the
red bone marrow
23
Q
Humerus
A
large bone at the top of the arm
24
Q
Immune or Lymphatic system
A
a) Includes: white blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and tonsils
b) Function: defense system
25
Insertion
location where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone
26
Integumentary system
a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails
b) Function: protection and sensory input
27
Irregular bones
do not fall into one of the other categories
28
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
29
Long bones
longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus
30
Medullary cavity
the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow
31
Metacarpal
form the bones of the hand
32
Metatarsals
make up the bones of the foot
33
Muscular
a) Includes: muscles and tendons
b) Function: movement and strength
34
Myofibrils
threadlike structures that make up muscle fibers
35
Osteoblasts
move in to construct new bone matrix inside the Haversian canals
36
Osteoclasts
move through our bones and break down old cells to make room for new ones
37
Pectoral girdle
attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
38
Pelvic girdle
attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
39
Perimysium
connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
40
Periosteum
protective sheet encasing the bone
41
Phalanges
make up the bones in the fingers
42
Radius
lateral bone of the forearm
43
Red bone marrow
produces red and white blood cells and platelets
44
Reproductive system
a) Includes: testes (male), ovaries (female), and other reproductive organs
b) Function: reproduction
45
Respiratory
a) Includes: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes, nose, and pharynx
b) Function: supplies the body with oxygen; removes carbon dioxide
46
Scapula
floats on the back of the ribs suspended by muscles and ligaments
47
Short bones
about as wide as they are long, such as the phalanges and metacarpals
48
Sinuses
hollow spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
49
Skeletal
a) Includes: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
b) Function: provides support and protection
50
Skeletal muscles
a) Usually attached to bones via tendons
b) Give the body shape
c) Striated: the cells appear to have dark and light stripes
d) Primarily controlled voluntarily
e) Primary function is movement of the skeleton
f) Move quickly and powerfully
51
Skull
composed of cranial and facial bones
52
Smooth muscle
a) Primary function is to transport materials through the body
b) Does not have striations
c) Movement is involuntary
d) Move materials through the body with slow, powerful, and prolonged contractions
53
Spongy bone
porous bone filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels located inside the epiphysis
54
Sutures
jagged lines that connect the skull bones together
55
Tarsal bones
ankle bones that attach the foot to the leg
56
Tendons
dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
57
Thoracic cage
a) Function: protects vital organs in your thorax and prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration
b) Composed of 12 pairs of ribs along with associated cartilage and the sternum
58
Tibia
the medial and larger bone of the lower leg (the shin bone)
59
Tissues
organized cells
60
Ulna
medial bone of the forearm
61
Vertebral column
allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, protects the spinal cord, and supports the weight of the head and trunk
62
Yellow bone marrow
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
63
Albumin
manufactured in the liver and regulates the amount of water in your blood and tissues
64
Alveoli
the microscopic, balloon-like sacs lined with capillaries at the end of the smallest bronchioles
65
Aorta
the largest artery in the body that branches into smaller blood vessels
66
Aortic semilunar valve
allows blood to exit the left ventricle and enter the aorta
67
Arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
68
Atria
two thin-walled chambers serve as the entrances to the heart
69
A-V valves
allow the blood to flow from each atrium to the corresponding ventricle but do not allow blood to flow the opposite way
70
Bronchi
2 branches that lead from the trachea to each lung
71
Bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
72
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels
73
Diaphragm
a) Separates their body cavity into the abdominal and thoracic cavities
b) When the diaphragm contracts, it expands the lungs and causes air to enter; when it relaxes, the lungs contract and air is exhaled
74
Epiglottis
a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering
75
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
76
External respiration
process of breathing in and out, oxygen and carbon dioxide being exchanged in the alveoli
77
Fibrinogen
manufactured in the liver and helps form blood clots
78
Gas transport
oxygen and carbon dioxide use the bloodstream as a transportation system to get where they need to go
79
Globulins
manufactured in the liver and lymph tissue and helps transport fats around the body and fight infection
80
Hemocytoblasts
stem cells
81
Hemo
allows cells to carry oxygen throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide; found in the cytoplasm of red blood cells and is an iron-containing protein
82
Heart
a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
83
Internal respiration
when oxygen is transferred from the red blood cells in the capillaries to the body cells and carbon dioxide waste is given to the red blood cells in return
84
Larynx
voice box
85
Leukocytes
white blood cells
86
Lung
main organs of the respiratory system
87
Nasal cavity
hollow space behind the nose
88
Pericardium
tough white sac that protects the heart
89
Pharynx
throat
90
Plasma
pale yellow liquid composed mostly of water containing dissolved nutrients, wastes, hormones, and 3 types of blood proteins
91
Platelets
thrombocytes
(1) Cell fragments formed in the bone marrow
(2) Help blood clot near wounds
92
Pleural membrane
a double membrane that lines the rib cage to prevent friction between the rib cage and lungs.
93
Pulmonary semilunar valve
allows blood to exit the right ventricle and enter the pulmonary arteries
94
Red blood cells
erythrocytes - make up 95% of the formed elements; carry oxygen
95
Septum
thick wall separating the atria and ventricles
96
Stem cells
undifferentiated cells
97
Trachea
windpipe
98
Thrombocytes
platelets;
(1) Cell fragments formed in the bone marrow
(2) Help blood clot near wounds
99
Veins
blood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood toward the heart
100
Ventricle
two chambers found on the bottom of the heart
101
White blood cells
leukocytes:
(1) Produced in the bone marrow and lymph nodes
(2) Able to move via ameboid movement
(3) Function to protect the body from disease causing organisms
