Human Body Systems

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Most common cause of heart disease; characterized by buildup of plaque in the arterial walls that disrupt proper blood flow

Question 2

How can psychologists measure activity in the following systems: Nervous; Endocrine; Cardiovascular

Answer 2

Nervous: fMRI, electroencephalogram
Endocrine: blood tests
Cardiovascular: electrocardiogram, pulse, blood pressure

Question 3

COPD

Answer 3

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 4th leading cause of death in America. Includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 4

GERD

Answer 4

Gastrointestinal reflux disease; occurs due to changes in the barrier between the stomach and the esophagus

Question 5

Gastroenteritis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small intestine

Question 6

Peptic ulcer

Answer 6

An open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 7

Hepatitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the liver

Question 8

The severity of an infection depends on…

Answer 8

The number of invaders, the virulence of the invader, and the body’s level of defenses

Question 9

Lymphoma

Answer 9

Tumors in the lymphatic system (spleen, ducts and nodes)

Question 10

Autoimmune diseases

Answer 10

Immune system attacks body’s own tissue

Question 11

Lupus

Answer 11

Autoimmune disorder that attacks the body’s tissues. Causes pain, heat, redness, and swelling. Can be life-threatening if it attacks the connective tissue of the body’s internal organs

Question 12

Hindbrain

Answer 12

“Old brain;” Develops first; includes the medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 13

Medulla

Answer 13

Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

Question 14

Pons

Answer 14

Regulates sleeping and waking cycle, also helps with respiration

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

Basic motor coordination

Question 16

Midbrain

Answer 16

Relay system; Includes the reticular formation

Question 17

Reticular formation

Answer 17

Transmits info, involved in sleep and alertness. Responsible for Highway Hypnosis

Question 18

Forebrain

Answer 18

“New brain;” Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, and limbic system

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

The gateway to the cortex. Performs recognition of sensory stimuli and determines what is passed up for higher processing

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

The four F’s: fight, flight, food, fornification. Also releases certain hormones

Question 21

Cerebral cortex

Answer 21

Higher level thinking, conciousness

Question 22

Limbic System

Answer 22

Includes hippocampus and amygdala, and has connections that help solidify emotioanlly-driven memories

Question 23

Sociopaths have dysfunction in which brain structure?

Answer 23

Limbic system (specifically amygdala)

Question 24

Neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS

Answer 24

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 25

Parkinson's

Answer 25

Degeration of basal ganglia; decreased motor coordination and onset of shaking; not fatal

Question 26

Cerebral palsy

Answer 26

Causes: brain damagme due to oxygen deprivation at birth or due to severe trauma in older childhood. Symptoms: muscle stiffness and spasticity, weak limbs, random uncontrollable movements, delayed milestones

Question 27

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 27

Non-fatal disease, although it can lead to paralysis, blindness, and mental deterioration. Best treated when identified early. Symptoms: numbness, loss of coordination, speech difficulties, dragging feet, extreme fatigue

Question 28

Huntington's

Answer 28

Fatal disease characterized by death of brain tissue in patches. Hereditary with onset often in middle age. Symptoms: involuntary muscle spasms, loss of motor abilities, personality changes, other mental deterioration events

Question 29

Polio

Answer 29

Viral transmission disease. Attacks spinal nerves and destroys the cell bodies or motor neurons, so impulses are distrupted

Question 30

Paraplegia

Answer 30

Results from injury to lower portion of spinal cord

Question 31

Quadriplegia

Answer 31

Results from damage to upper portion of spinal cord

Question 32

Dementia

Answer 32

Serious loss of cognitive ability beyond the expectation associated with normal aging. Most common form is Alzheimer's (60-70%).

Question 33

Vascular dementia

Answer 33

Cognitive decline caused by repeated oxygen deprivation in the brain (e.g. repeated strokes)

Question 34

Oxytocin

Answer 34

"Hugging Hormone;" gets released from the posterior pituitary during labor. Causes lactation and is involved in social affiliation

Question 35

Anterior pituitary

Answer 35

Secretes hormones responsible for growth: somatotropic, gonadotropic, thyrotropic , adenocorticotropic)

Question 36

Main regulator of the endocrine system

Answer 36

Pituitary gland

Question 37

Main disorder of the endocrine system

Answer 37

Diabetes