Human Brain L1

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

The 4 lobes of the brain

Answer 3

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 4

What is the frontal association cortex responsible for?

Answer 4

Intelligence
Personality
Behaviour
Mood
Cognitive function

Question 5

What is parietal association complex responsible for?

Answer 5

Spatial skills
3D recognition
-Shapes
-Faces
-Concepts
-Abstract perception

Question 6

What is temporal association cortex responsible for?

Answer 6

Memory
Mood
Aggression
Intelligence

Question 7

What is a sulcus?

Answer 7

A sulcus is a shallow groove or furrow on the cerebral cortex

Question 8

What is a gyrus?

Answer 8

A gyrus is a raised ridge or fold on the cerebral cortex

Question 9

What is a fissure?

Answer 9

A fissure is a deeper groove in the brain compared to a sulcus

Question 10

Which is the dominant hemisphere in humans?

Answer 10

Left

Question 11

What is gray matter?

Answer 11

Primarily composed of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and glial cells (supportive cells).

Question 12

What is white matter?

Answer 12

Bundle of Myelinated Axons of neurons

Question 13

What does “Primary” mean?

Answer 13

Primary = takes a critical role

Question 14

What divides the brain into its hemispheres?

Answer 14

The longitudinal fissure

Question 15

What divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 15

The central suclus

Question 16

What divides the frontal and temporal lobes, and the the temporal and parietal lobes?

Answer 16

The lateral fissure

Question 17

What divides the temporal/parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 17

The Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 18

What is the area ventral to the central sulcus called and what is its function?

Answer 18

The precentral gyrus - also called the Primary motor cortex, responsible for generating impulses for motor neurons.

Question 19

What is the area ventral to the precentral gyrus called?

Answer 19

The premotor planning cortex - responsible for conscious planning of movements

Question 20

What is the area posterior to the central sulcus called and what is its function?

Answer 20

The postcentral gyrus - also called the primary somatosensory cortex. It is responsible for integrating all sensory information from the body as well as proprio sensation - knowing where your body is.

Question 21

What is a motor/sensory homunculus?

Answer 21

A kind of map illustrating where in the brain the nerves/neurons for each area are located.

Question 22

Where is Brocas area and what does it do?

Answer 22

It is ventral to the precentral gyrus in the planning area of the frontal lobe, between the middle and inferior gyri. It is responsible for forming speech.

Question 23

Where is Exener’s area and what is its function?

Answer 23

Exener’s area is located in the planning area ventral to the precentral gyrus responsible for reading and writing.

Question 24

Where is the primary auditory cortex and what does it do?

Answer 24

It is in the superior temporal gyrus, and maps sounds we hear in a tonotopic fashion - ie it separates high from low noises. It doesn’t interpret the sound, sending it to Wernicke’s area for this.

Question 25

What and where is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 25

It is also in the superior temporal gyrus, surrounding and just posterior to the primary auditory cortex. It makes sense of the tones the primary auditory cortex sends to it, making it a secondary auditory cortex.

Question 26

What are the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus and where are they?

Answer 26

They are in the inferior parietal lobule, with SM ventral to A. SM is responsible for reading interpretation/planning while A is responsible for writing planning and interpretation. There is a white matter bridge between these areas and the areas of the eye and hand in the planning area, allowing them to talk to the motor nerves which initiate reading and writing.

Question 27

What is the arcuate fasciculus and what does it do?

Answer 27

It connects Wernicke’s area and broca’s area, allowing you to know what you want to say (from W) and to be able to mechanically say it (from B)

Question 28

What and where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 28

It is located at the occipital pole, the most posterior part of the brain. It extends within the brain, separated by the calcarine sulcus, with granule cells which allow the rudimentary visual information to come through. It then sends this to the supplementary visual cortex.

Question 29

What is the effect of a lesion in broca’s area?

Answer 29

Non-fluent aphasia - you know what you want to say but can’t say it

Question 30

What is the effect of a lesion in Wernicke’s area?

Answer 30

Fluent aphasia - you can form words but they have lost their meaning

Question 31

What is the effect of a lesion in the precentral gyrus? (Primary Motor Cortex)

Answer 31

Loss of ability to move the corresponding body part on the opposite side

Question 32

What is the effect of a lesion in the postcentral gyrus? (Primary Sensory Cortex)

Answer 32

Loss of sensation on the corresponding body part on the opposite side

Question 33

What is the effect of a lesion in the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 33

Loss of ability to hear in opposite ear

Question 34

What is the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 34

Important for getting information to the right parts of the brain

Question 35

Afferent neurons

Answer 35

Sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain

Question 36

Efferent neurons

Answer 36

Motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous systen and towards muscles to cause movement