Human Breathing System

Question 1

Where is the respiratory system located?

Answer 1

In the chest cavity (thorax).

Question 2

What happens when air is breathed in through the nose?

Answer 2

Air is filtered, moistened, and warmed.

Question 3

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 3

Prevents food/drink from entering the trachea.

Question 4

What does the larynx contain?

Answer 4

Vocal chords for speech.

Question 5

What are the trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles made of?

Answer 5

Muscle, elastic fibres, and rigid cartilage.

Question 6

What do smaller bronchioles contain?

Answer 6

Muscle and elastic fibres only.

Question 7

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

Answer 7

Traps dust and microorganisms.

Question 8

What are cilia?

Answer 8

Tiny hairs that sweep mucus out of the windpipe into the oesophagus.

Question 9

What encloses each lung?

Answer 9

A pair of pleural membranes.

Question 10

What is located in the pleural cavity?

Answer 10

A very small amount of fluid.

Question 11

What is the outer layer of the pleura attached to?

Answer 11

The chest wall (parietal pleura).

Question 12

What is the inner layer of the pleura attached to?

Answer 12

The lungs (visceral pleura).

Question 13

What allows the two layers of pleura to slide off each other during breathing?

Answer 13

Tension between the two pleural layers.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The expanding chest wall helps to expand the _______.

Answer 14

[lungs]

Question 15

What are alveoli?

Answer 15

Tiny, thin-walled air sacs that allow gas exchange and are one cell thick.

Question 16

What gas diffuses from the alveoli to the RBCs in the blood?

Answer 16

Oxygen

Question 17

What gas diffuses from the blood plasma into the alveoli?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide

Question 18

What is inhalation?

Answer 18

Breathing in

Question 19

What is exhalation?

Answer 19

Breathing out

Question 20

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 20

A network of blood capillaries

Question 21

What drives the process of breathing?

Answer 21

The level of carbon dioxide

Question 22

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 22

It contracts and flattens

Question 23

Which part of the brain sends a message to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Answer 23

The medulla oblongata

Question 24

What do intercostal muscles do during inhalation?

Answer 24

Contract, pulling the ribs up and out

Question 25

What occurs to the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Answer 25

It increases

Question 26

What occurs to the pressure of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Answer 26

It decreases

Question 27

What type of process is inhalation?

Answer 27

An active process

Question 28

Why is air pulled into the lungs during inhalation?

Answer 28

Because the air pressure outside the lungs is higher than in the lungs

Question 29

What is asthma?

Answer 29

A breathing disorder with the potential to be life-threatening

Question 30

What physiological change occurs in asthma?

Answer 30

Narrowing and remodeling of the smaller bronchioles

Question 31

What triggers asthma?

Answer 31

Outside agents called allergens

Question 32

How can asthma be controlled?

Answer 32

By avoiding known allergens

Question 33

What is a common treatment for asthma?

Answer 33

Medication, usually taken from inhalers

Question 34

What do bronchodilators do for asthma patients?

Answer 34

Reverse the narrowing to allow more air to come in

Question 35

What do steroid inhalers do?

Answer 35

Reduce inflammation within the lungs

Question 36

What triggers breathing related to carbon dioxide levels?

Answer 36

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Question 37

What happens to carbon dioxide in the blood or tissue fluid?

Answer 37

It forms an acid

Question 38

What effect does carbon dioxide have on blood pH?

Answer 38

It decreases the blood pH

Question 39

What does a decrease in blood pH trigger?

Answer 39

The brain to cause breathing

Question 40

True or False: Carbon dioxide is a controlling factor in gas exchange in both leaves and human breathing.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What effect does exercise have on breathing?

Answer 41

Exercise increases the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 42

What can be compared to show the effect of exercise on heart rate?

Answer 42

The heart rate at rest, after walking, and after rigorous exercise.

Question 43

How do you measure the resting breathing rate?

Answer 43

Count the resting breathing rate per minute three times and find the average.

Question 44

What should you do after counting the resting breathing rate?

Answer 44

Walk slowly for 5 minutes and count the breathing rate per minute.

Question 45

What is the next step after walking slowly?

Answer 45

Walk at a fast pace for 5 minutes and count the breathing rate per minute.

Question 46

What should you do after walking at a fast pace?

Answer 46

Exercise intensely for 5 minutes and count the breathing rate per minute.

Question 47

True or False: Breathing rate decreases with exercise.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Fill in the blank: Breathing rate ______ with exercise.

Answer 48

increases