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GCSE CCEA Biology > Human Circulatory System > Flashcards

Human Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Red blood cell function

A

Carry oxygen around the body

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2
Q

Haemoglobin➕ oxygen

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

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3
Q

haemoglobin

A
  • Contained in red blood cells
  • Rich in iron which carries O2
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4
Q

What gives blood its red colour?

A

Haemoglobin

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5
Q

How is a red blood cell adapted for maximum diffusion of oxygen?

A

Biconcave shape 🟰 Large surface area

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6
Q

How is a red blood cell adapted to have more space to pack lots of haemoglobin?

A

No nucleus

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7
Q

White blood cell purpose

A

Prevent disease by destroying microorganisms

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8
Q

⬆️ haemoglobin ⬆️ 🟰 ❓

A

⬆️ oxygen ⬆️

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9
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce special chemicals called antibodies

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10
Q

Phagocytes

A

Engulf and digest, microbes in process called phagocytosis

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11
Q

Lobed nucleus

A

Phagocyte

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12
Q

Purpose of platelets

A

Involved in blood clotting process

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13
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments

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14
Q

Blood clotting process

A
  1. Soluble plasma protein
  2. fibrinogen
  3. insoluble protein fibrin
  4. meshwork across damaged area
  5. Red blood cells get caught
  6. Blood clots
  7. ⬇️ blood loss⬇️ ➕ ⬇️micro organisms⬇️
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15
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid part of blood

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16
Q

Plasma purpose

A

Transport medium

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17
Q

What does plasma transport?

A
  • Blood cells 🩸
  • food molecules (glucose and amino acids)🌮
  • hormones 😡
  • CO2 💨
  • urea 🚽
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18
Q

What keeps plasma concentration stable?

A

Salts and other chemicals

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19
Q

What is the concentration of plasma similar to?

A

Blood cells

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20
Q

Why is it important that the concentration of plasma is similar to blood cells?

A

Red blood cells placed in water will take in water by osmosis and burst in the process called cell lysis

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21
Q

Artery: wall thickness

A

Thick

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22
Q

Vein: wall thickness

A

Relatively thin

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23
Q

Capillary: wall thickness

A

Very thin (one fell thick)

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24
Q

Artery: presence of muscle and elastic fibres

A

Present

25
Q

Vein : presence of muscle and elastic fibres

A

Present

26
Q

Capillary : presence of muscle and elastic fibres

A

Absent

27
Q

Artery: blood pressure

A

High

28
Q

Vein : blood pressure

A

Low

29
Q

Capillary : blood pressure

A

Low

30
Q

Artery : valves

A

None

31
Q

Vein : valves

A

Yes

32
Q

Capillary: valves

A

None

33
Q

Artery : direction of blood flow

A

Away from heart
(Artery)

34
Q

Vein : direction of blood flow

A

Back into heart
(Vein)

35
Q

Capillary : direction of blood flow

A

LINKS arteries and veins

36
Q

Levels of oxygen : artery

A

High

37
Q

Levels of oxygen: vein

A

Low

38
Q

Capillary levels of oxygen and CO2

A

Mix

39
Q

What type of blood do arterys (normally) carry?

A

Oxygenated blood (blood rich in oxygen) to body organs

40
Q

What type of blood do veins (normally) carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood (blood with little oxygen) from the body organs back to heart

41
Q

What are the exceptions to the normal direction of blood flow?

A
  • pulmonary artery - carries deoxygenated blood 🩸 to lungs 🫁
  • pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood 🩸 to heart 🫀
42
Q

Blood vessel function : pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs 🫁 to heart 🫀

43
Q

Blood vessel function : aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood from heart 🫀to body 🕺

44
Q

Blood vessel function : vena cava

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from body 🕺to heart🫀

45
Q

Blood vessel function : pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

46
Q

Blood vessel function : hepatic artery

A

Carries blood containing oxygen and glucose 🍬 to the liver

47
Q

Blood vessel function : hepatic portal-vein

A

Carries blood containing digested food (glucose and amino acids) from the small intestines to the liver

48
Q

Blood vessel function : hepatic vein

A

Carries blood containing glucose and amino acids from the liver around the body; also, COz (from respiration) back to heart and lungs.

49
Q

Blood vessel function : renal artery

A

Carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion

50
Q

Blood vessel function : renal vein

A

Carries purified blood (low in urea) from the kidney to the vena cava; also, COz (from respiration) back to the heart and lungs

51
Q

Right side of heart 🫁

A
  • deoxygenated blood
  • Pumps blood to lungs 🫁
52
Q

Left side of lungs 🕺

A
  • oxygenated blood
  • Pumps blood (that has returned from lungs🫁) around body 🕺
53
Q

Valves

A
  • Prevent back-flow
  • ensure that heart acts as unidirectional pump
54
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • In hearts wall
  • never tires
55
Q

Double circulatory system

A

Blood travels through the heart 🫀 twice on one circulation of the body 🕺

56
Q

How does the heart itself receive blood?

A

Coronary arteries

57
Q

Coronary arteries

A
  • supply heart itself w/ blood
  • branch from the aorta
  • fine blood vessels that run over the outer surface of the heart 🫀
58
Q

Ways regular exercise benefits circulatory system

A
  • strengthens heart muscle💪

➡️ this will lead to ⬆️ cardiac output (⬆️bpm) even when not exercising

➡️ heart is under ⬇️less strain⬇️ bc pumps blood less often to get same amount around body 🕺

GCSE CCEA Biology (15 decks)

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