Human Development Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
Development occurs through multiple line which are?(4)
A
Physical
Cognitive
Intellectual
Social
2
Q
Newborns prefer? (5)
A
Large bright objects Moving objects Curves Complex designs Facial stimuli
3
Q
Moro reflex (startle) Features?
A
Arms and legs extend when child is startled
4
Q
Moro time frame
A
Birth -5months
5
Q
CNS origin of moro
A
Vestibular nuclei in brain stem
6
Q
Grasp reflex feature
A
Fingers curl around object placed in hand
7
Q
Grasp time frame
A
Birth-5months
8
Q
Grasp CNS origin
A
Vestibular nuclei in brain stem
9
Q
Rooting reflex features
A
Baby turns face towards direction of touch
10
Q
Rooting reflex time frame
A
Birth - 5 months
11
Q
Tooting CNS origin
A
Trigeminal brain stem
12
Q
Babinski reflex features
A
(Not pathological in newborns)
Stroking bottom of foot causes dorsiflexion instead of hallux flexion
13
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
Toes move upwards
14
Q
Hallux flexion
A
Toes move downwards
15
Q
Babinski time frame
A
Birth - 1 year
16
Q
CNS ORIGIN of babinski
A
Spinal cord
17
Q
Milestones
A
Skills achieved by a certain age which are normative markets at median ages
18
Q
Children draw circles at
A
3
19
Q
Cross
A
4
20
Q
Rectangle
A
4.5
21
Q
Square
A
5
22
Q
Triangle
A
6
23
Q
Diamond
A
7
24
Q
A child sits with support at
A
4 mo
25
A child stands with help at
8 mo
26
A child crawls and develops a fear of falling at
9 mo
27
A child develops pincer grasp (strong grasp)
10 mo
28
A child follows objects to midline at
4 wks
29
A child starts to put his feet in his mouth
5 mo
30
Child changes hand with toys
6 mo
31
A child puts everything in their mouthes, rattles and bangs, grasps objects during, kicks ball, pats pictures
His first year
32
Child walks alone at
13 mo
33
Child climbs stairs at
18 mo
34
Child emergence of hand preference develops at
18 mo
35
A child can stack 3 cubes at
18 mo
36
A child develops high activity level, walks backwards, turns doorknobs, scribbles with crayons, aims ball at
2 years
37
Stack 6 cubes
24 mo
38
Stand on tiptoe
30 mo
39
A child rides tricycle, alternates feet going upstairs, toilet trains, draws recognizable figures, catches ball with arms, cuts papers, unbutton buttons.
3years
40
Alternative feet downstairs, counts fingers on hand, grooms self, hops on 1 foot
4 years old
41
Brain reaches 75% of adult weight at
5 yrs
42
Child draws a recognizable man, catches ball with 2 hands, dresses and undresses and complete sphincter control at
5 yrs
43
Stranger anxiety
Distress in the presence of unfamiliar people
| 8mo- 1yrs
44
Separation anxiety
Distress following separation from a caretaker
| 8 mo - 2 yrs
45
According to jean piaget intelligence revolves around
Understanding and inventing new way to interact with the environment
46
Schema
Cognitive structure or pattern of behavior/knowledge
47
Assimilation
Incorporation of new or novel information into existing schema
48
Accommodation
Adjustment or modification of existing schemas to facilitate comprehension of new information
49
Jane claims there are ..... stages of developing that depend on...
4
| Cognitive model
50
Sensorimotor stage is the .... stage and it’s time frame is.....
Stage 1
| 0-2yrs
51
Sensorimotor stage features
Doesn’t understand temporal relationships
Exhibits egocentrism
4 months develops discriminatory smile
12 months develops object permanence.
52
Object permanence examples
Hidden object still exists
53
Pre operational stage is .... stage and it’s time frame is
Second stage
| 2-7yrs
54
Pre operational stafe features
```
Animism
Authoritarian morality
Precausal logic
Egocentrism
Views death as reversable
```
55
Animism
Characteristics of life are attributed to all objects
56
Authoritarian morality
Rules are sacrosanct and bad doing should be punished
57
Precausal logic
Non scientific based on child’s internal world
58
Concrete operational stage is the.... stage and it’s time frame is...
Third
| 7-11 years
59
Concrete operational stage features
Child loses animism, authoritarianism, egocentrism
Preform operations involving the law of conservation
Operations
Group activity/ cooperation
See death as irreversible
60
Operations
Mental manipulation of thoughts
61
Forma operational stage is the ... stage and it’s time frame is..
4th
| 11 yrs and upwards
62
Formal operation stage features
Abstract thought
Belief system
Conceptualization
Deductive reasoning
63
The human development depends on psychological development according to
Erik erikson
64
According to Erik Erikson psychological development depends on
Resolution of crisis at the end of each phase of development
65
Birth - 2 yrs (erik)
Trust vs mistrust
| Develop trust that needs will be satisfied, if not will learn to mistrust
66
2-4 yrs (erik)
Autonomy vs doubt
| Gais a s sense of separation, has sense of mastery, can be stubborn, lack of autonomy causes shame/ doubt
67
4-6 yrs (erik)
Initiative vs guilt
Develops sibling rivalry, becomes sexually curious, initiate motor and intellectual activity. Guilt and anxiety over failure
68
6-12 (erik)
Industry vs inferiority
| Learns their able to complete tasks, enter program of learning
69
Teenage years (erik)
```
Identity vs role confusion
Preoccupation with appearance
Develops group identity
Begin to deal with morality
Develops group identity
```
70
At the end of identity vs role confusion
Identity crisis
71
Early adulthood (erik)
Intimacy vs isolation
| Ability to share, intimate relationships
72
Middle adulthood (erik)
Generatively vs stagnation
| Have and raise children if not develop creativity
73
Stagnation takes form of
Escapism and midlife crisis, or abuse
74
Late adulthood( erik)
Integrity vs despair
| Either satisfaction or despair and fear of death
75
Who proposed stages of moral development and how many levels are there? How many stages
Kohlberg
6 stages
3 levels
76
Level 1 kohlberg
Pre-conventional morality
77
Pre-conventional morality stages
1 punishment
| 2 reward
78
Level 2 kohlberg
Conventional morality
79
Conventional morality stages
3 approval/ disapproval
| 4 authority
80
Level 3 kohlberg
Post- conventional morality
81
Post- conventional morality stages
5 social contract
| 6 personal principles
82
Social perspective taking
Ability to adopt others pov and is a precursor of empathy and moral reasoning
83
Sigmund Freud developed what theory and how many levels did it have?
Psychosexual development
| 5
84
0-18 mo freud
Oral phase:
| Preoccupied with feeding, pleasure in oral activity
85
18-36 mo freud
Anal phase:
| Attention focused on excretory process
86
What is anally fixated
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder and is Result of harsh toilet training according to freud
87
3-6 yrs freud
Phallic phase
88
What is phallic phase
Focus on genitalia, libido directed towards others.
Involves:
Castration anxiety
Oedipal and electra
89
Castration anxiety
Penis envy
90
Difference of Oedipal and electra and what is it
Oedipal in males and electra in females
| Attachment to opposite sex parent and aggression towards sane sex parent.
91
6-12 yrs freud
Latency:
Lasts till puberty
Acknowledgment of reality
Sublimation of sexual energy into learning and play activities
92
12- adults freud
Genital phase:
Sexual maturity
Identification with same sex parent
93
Gender identity and when is it established
Child sense of manliness and femalness and is established by age 3
94
Sexual identity
Determined by secondary sexual characteristics
95
Gender dysphoria
Disconnect between gender identity and sexual identity
96
Gender role
Determined by behavior exhibited by child, mostly congruent to child gender identity
97
Stages of breast
| 5
```
Preadolescent
Breast buds
Areolar diameter enlarges
Secondary mound, separation of contours
Mature female
```
98
Stages of pubic hair
| 5
```
None
Long straight
Dark, curling, higher amount
Coarse, curly adult type
Adult, extends to thigh
```
99
Genitalia stage
```
Child size
Enlarge scrotum, testes
Penis growth in length testes enlarge
Scrotum darkens, testes enlarge, penis grow
Adult shape
```
100
Leading causes of death for patients over 65
| 4
Heart disease
Malignancy
Chronic lower respiratory disease
Cerebrovascular disease
101
Poor diet should be fixed by
Low sodium diet CHF
Low cholesterol diet ASC
Low sugar diet DM
102
Prevention care examples
Aspirin therapy
Lipid management
Exercise
Smoking cessation
103
It’s important that older patients receive vaccines because
Illness is usually associated with higher morbidity and mortality with older patients
104
What are the 2 main area’s of screening
Cancer
| Abdominal aortic aneurysms
105
Abdominal aortic aneurysms screeing is important for
Men age 65-75
106
Colorectal cancer screening is for
Men and women over 50
107
Breast cancer screening for
Women over 40
108
Age over ..: is a risk factor for suicide
65
109
Sexual interests (do/don’t) decline with aging
Don’t
110
Best predictor of sexual activity in the elderly is
Availability of partner
111
Changes in women sexual interest with age
Vaginal dryness and thinning
112
Changes in men sexual interest with age
Slower erection, longer refractory period, more stimulation needed
113
Sleep effects with aging
Early morning waking
| Less deep sleep
114
REM sleep decreases at
85
115
Financial instability for elderly
Low financial literacy
High medical costs
Unfixed income
116
A part of end of life care is asking about
DNR
| will and attorneys
117
Patients hope for what besides a cure
Quality of life
Less pain
Painless death
118
Hospice care
Care for terminally ill with life expectancy less than 6 mo
119
Hospicr care purpose
Providing care, support, for patients and families to help patients die with peace, comfort and dignity
120
By who and where is hospice care done
Done be medical, psychological and spiritual support at home or a specialized facility
121
What are the kubler ross stages of adjustment to loss
```
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
```
122
Signs of bargaining
Struggling to find meaning
| Reaching to others
123
What is the term attachment and who created it
Child connection to its mother
| Termed by john bowlby
124
Bonding is
Mother connection to child
125
Attachment behavior
Behavior displayed by an infant towards attachment figured
126
What are the 4 stages of attachment to bowlby
Pre attachment
Attachment in the making
Clear cut attachment
Goal directed partnership
127
Pre attachment
0-2 mo
| Preference for human rather than environment comfort
128
Attachment in the making
2-8 mo
| Infant responds to caregiver only
129
Clear cut attachment
8-24 mo
| Uses caregiver as base and protests at departures
130
Goal directed partnership
2-3 yrs
Understands caregiver goals
Learns trust and reciprocity
131
Reciprocity
Relationships are 2 way
132
Suicide is the.... cause of death among.....yrs olds
Second
| 15-29
133
Rate of suicide from Low income countries
78% of suicide is from low income countries
134
Suicide rate is 1 death every
40 sec
135
Suicide is the... leading cause of death in USA
10
136
Men suicide vs women
Men success in suicide is higher but women try more
137
Fore arms is accountable for ...% of suicide
50
138
....% of ppl who killed them selves saw a physician in the past month
50
139
.... most successful and least to attempt
Elderly
140
Attachment and loss in children
Protest
Despair
Detachment
141
Protest
Short term separation (up to 2wks)
Crying screaming clinging
Anger towards parents when they return
142
Despair
Sadness
Protesting stops
Child is safe calm and withdrawn
143
Deattachment
Child rejects caregiver and is angry at them, indifference upon caregiver return
