Human Development during infancy

Question 1

Brain Growth in the first two years

Answer 1

1)physical brain growth increases. 2)neural development. 3)prefrontal cortex

Question 2

Reflexes: survival + development

Answer 2

survival: rooting reflex, breathing, sucking reflex
development: moro reflex, stepping reflex, palmar grasp

Question 3

Motor development

Answer 3

follows cephalocaudal(head-down)
proximodistal( center-out)

Question 4

Gross Motor

Answer 4

Large Muscles

Question 5

Fine Motor

Answer 5

small, coordinated muscle movements
- pinching, grasping

Question 6

Sensory Development(4)

Answer 6

1)sight.2)hearing.3)touch/pain.4)taste/smell

Question 7

Sight

Answer 7

least developed at birth
reference for faces, unusual/interesting/exciting images

Question 8

Hearing

Answer 8

Most developed at birth
in the womb the baby knows the sound of the mother’s voice

Question 9

Touch/Pain

Answer 9

physiological reactions indicate sensation of pain
touch: necessary and comforting

Question 10

Taste/Smell

Answer 10

ability to distinguish flavors
identify mother’s smell easily

Question 11

Colostrum

Answer 11

“liquid gold”
nutrient dense, for the babies first days of life

Question 12

Breast milk contains…

Answer 12

iron, protein, fats for proper development

Question 13

Why might formula be used as an alternative to breasteeding?(4)

Answer 13

not enough milk production
adoption
two father home
mother has a communicable disease

Question 14

Malnutrition(3)

Answer 14

1)Kwashiorkor.2)Marasmus.3)Milk anemia

Question 15

Kwashiorkor

Answer 15

“displaced child’s disease”
lack of sufficient nutrition

Question 16

Marasmus

Answer 16

starvation for lack of calories and or protein

Question 17

SIDS or SUIDS meaning

Answer 17

Sudden (Unexected) Infant Death Syndrome

Question 18

Some ways to prevent SIDS

Answer 18

Back Sleeping + nothing in the bed with the baby(blankets, pillows, stuffed animals)

Co-Sleeping;skin2skin contact benefit, risk of suffocation especially with adult being under the influence

Question 19

Herd Immunity

Answer 19

90%+ of the population is vaccinated

Question 20

Schemas
- assimilation
-accommodation

Answer 20

mental representation used to understand the world

Question 21

Assimilation

Answer 21

modification of new information to fit into our existing schemas

Question 22

Accommadation

Answer 22

reorganizing what we know to fit new information

Question 23

Six stages of sensorimotor intelligence

Answer 23

1)reflexes{birth-6w}
2)primary circular reactions[6w-4m]
3)secondary circular reactions[4m-8m]
4)coordination of secondary circular reactions[8m-12m]
5)tertiary circular reactions[12-18m]
6)mental representation[18-24m]

Question 24

Object Permanence

Answer 24

12-24m
Knowing something exists when out of sight

Question 25

Infantile Amnesia

Answer 25

Infants and Toddlers form memories, remember them weeks/months later - lack of memory years later

Question 26

Phonemes + Morphemes

Answer 26

Phonemes- basic units of speech Morphemes- smallest meaningful units of speech

Question 27

Seven Stages of Language Development

Answer 27

1)reflective communication 2)reflective communication + interest in others 3)intentional communication 4) first words 5)simple sentences[2 words] 6)sentences [3+ words] 7)complex sentences[conversations]

Question 28

intentional vocalizations

Answer 28

gurgling, cooing, learn conversational cadences

Question 29

holophrasic speech

Answer 29

partial words conveying thoughts

Question 30

underextension + overextension

Answer 30

under- a word may only be used for one specific thing[ “Mommy”] over- generalizing

Question 31

Nativism

Answer 31

Noam Chomsky language acquisition device children learn language through exposure

Question 32

Language acquisition Device

Answer 32

the innate ability to learn language, understand conventions and syntax

Question 33

Behaviorism

Answer 33

B.F Skinner language is taught through reinforcement

Question 34

Social Pragmatics

Answer 34

Tomasello & Hermann communication develops from need to communicate join social world

Question 35

Kohllberg Theory

Answer 35

At Birth, all humans are void of morals,ethics, and honesty

Question 36

Hamlin & Wynn Experiments

Answer 36

Children prefer prosocial behavior and others like themselves

Question 37

Attraction & Withdrawl(6)

Answer 37

1)social smiling[2m] 2)laughter[3-4m] 3)displeasure: frustration, sadness 4)stranger wariness[6-15m] 5)separation anxiety[8-10m] 6)emotional regulation

Question 38

Self Awarness

Answer 38

15-24m understanding of self as an object

Question 39

Rough/Mirror Test

Answer 39

does the baby touch their own nose or the mirror?

Question 40

Five Rochat’s stages

Answer 40

1)differentiation: self vs non-self awareness[from birth] 2)situation: imitation,reaching for objects away from self[by 2m] 3)identification: se;f-referential language, pass rogue test[by 2y] 4)permanence: one’s sense of self persists through time & space 5)self-awareness/meta-self-awarness: third person perspective