Late Adulthood

Question 1

Selective Optimization with Compensation

Answer 1

a strategy for improving health and well being in older adults and a model for successful aging

Question 2

Senescence or Biological aging

Answer 2

the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics

Question 3

The Young Old(65 to 74)

Answer 3

Less likely to be require long-term care, to be dependent or poor,a den more likely to be married working for pleasure, and living independently

Physical activity decreases, still less likely to experience heart disease, cancer, or stroke

Question 4

The Old Old(75 to 84)

Answer 4

more likely to experience limitations or physical activity due to chronic disease and hearing or visual impairments

Question 5

The Oldest Old(85+)

Answer 5

more likely to require long-term care and to be in nursing homes or living with relatives

Question 6

Centenarians

Answer 6

people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population

inspected to increase to 601k by 250

Question 7

Blue Zone Research (6 characteristics)

Answer 7

regions of the world where researchers claim that people live much longer than average
shared characteristics: family, less smoking, semi-vegetarian, constant moderate physical activity, social engagement,legume consumption

Question 8

Active life expectancy

Answer 8

the number of years a person can expect to live without disability

Question 9

Life Expectancy

Answer 9

a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live,based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender

Question 10

Quality of Life (11)

Answer 10

the general well-being of individuals and societies, including life satisfaction, physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, safety, security, freedom, religious beliefs, and the enviornment

Question 11

Primary aging

Answer 11

the process by which cells irreversible stop dividing and enter a state of permanent growth arrest without undergoing cell death

Question 12

cochlear implant

Answer 12

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

Question 13

conductive hearing loss

Answer 13

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

Question 14

Meniere disease

Answer 14

results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and increase in pressure within the inner ear

Question 15

Glaucoma

Answer 15

when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases

Question 16

cataracts

Answer 16

cloudy or opaque areas of the lens of the eye that interfere with passing light

Question 17

macular degeneration

Answer 17

most common cause of blindness in people over 60

Question 18

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 18

damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes mellitus

Question 19

secondary aging

Answer 19

changes that are caused by illness or disease
they reduce independence, impact quality of life, affect family members and other caregivers, and bring financial burden

Question 20

primary and secondary aging differences

Answer 20

primary aging is irreversible and is due to genetic predisposition while secondary aging is potentially irreversible and a result of illinois’s, health habits, and other individual differences

Question 21

Chronic Illness predictions

Answer 21

increase by more than one percent per year by 2030 resulting in 171 million americans

Question 22

Current chronic illiness percentages

Answer 22

one in two americans;133 million has at least one chronic medical condition
(between the ages of 18 to 64)

Question 23

Common chronic conditions(4)

Answer 23

high blood pressure
arthritis
emphysema
high cholesterol

Question 24

vertigo

Answer 24

a sense of spinning

Question 25

elderspeak

Answer 25

patronizing form of speech when talking with older adults

Question 26

leading cause of death and severe long-term disability

Answer 26

strokes

Question 27

Cancer Deaths

Answer 27

60% of newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 70% of cancer deaths occur in people 65+

Question 28

arthritis

Answer 28

any disorder that affects joints over 100 types most common form is osteoarthritis(degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise with lifestyle

Question 30

osteoporosis

Answer 30

a disease in which bone weakening increase the risk of a broken bone and becomes more common with age

Question 31

Parkinson’s disease(PD)

Answer 31

a long term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system mainly affecting the motor system genetic and environmental factors are involved

Question 32

peripheral slowing hypothesis

Answer 32

processing speed declines in the peripheral nervous system, impacting the brain’s ability to communicate with muscles and organs

Question 33

generalized slowing hypothesis

Answer 33

there is less efficient processing in all parts of the nervous system as we age

Question 34

Hayflick limit

Answer 34

the limited number of times a cell divid and then stop (about 50 times before stopping)

Question 35

Free radical theory of aging (FRTA)

Answer 35

organisms age because cells accumulate free radicals damage over time

Question 36

Free radicals

Answer 36

any atom or molecule with a single unpaired electron in an outer shell

Question 37

Aging affects on Memory

Answer 37

create small decrements in the sensitivity of the senses Difficulty hearing and seeing and not storing that information in memory

Question 38

Working memory

Answer 38

a cognitive system with a limited capacity that holds information for processing temporarily

Question 39

Long term memory

Answer 39

the storage of information for long periods of time

Question 40

Integrity vs Despair

Answer 40

the goal is integrity, consisting of the ability to look back over life with a feeling of satisfaction, peace, and gratitude

Question 41

when does despair occur

Answer 41

when a person looks back at one’s life as unproductive and is dissatisfied

Question 42

Activity theory

Answer 42

he avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle and considers it essential to health and happiness that the older person remains active physically and socially

Question 43

Disengagement theory

Answer 43

emphasizes that older adults should not be discouraged from following their inclination towards solitude and greater inactivity rather than keeping the older person artificially busy

Question 44

continuity theory

Answer 44

suggests that people continue to view the self in much the same way as they did when they were younger

Question 45

ageism

Answer 45

prejudice and discrimination that is directed at older people and can often lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 46

gerontrocracy

Answer 46

a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society’s oldest members

Question 47

socioemotional selective theory

Answer 47

older adults become more selective in their friendships than when they were younger and are more likely to be based on a sense of connection