Human Diseases Chapter 1

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

a structural or functional change in the body that is harmful to the organism

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

the body’s ability to physiologically regulate itself, to adapt to minor fluctuations

Question 3

Allopathic medicine

Answer 3

Conventional practice of medicine with biological bases for treatment

Question 4

Anatomic Pathology

Answer 4

Medical specialty involved with performing autopsies and examining tissues and fluids removed from live patients for the purpose of diagnosis

Question 5

Cellular Basis of Disease

Answer 5

The tracing of disease to deranged structures or functions of cells

Question 6

Clinical Pathologist

Answer 6

A physician who analyzes various specimens removed from patients such as blood, urine, and sputum to determine the type and cause of disease

Question 7

Complications

Answer 7

Secondary problems that emerge as a consequence of treatment

Question 8

Cytopathology

Answer 8

The study of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease

Question 9

Developmental Disease

Answer 9

diseases that developed during an individual’s life in utero (during embryonic and fetal development)

Question 10

Diagnosis

Answer 10

Observation, history, and laboratory results used to determine the specific disease being experienced by the patient

Question 11

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 11

A list of possible diagnoses that fit the physical and historical presentation of a patient’s illness

Question 12

Endogenous

Answer 12

Agents acting from inside the body; three categories: Vascular, immunologic, and metabolic diseases

Question 13

Etiology

Answer 13

Cause of diseses

Question 14

Evidence-Based Medicine

Answer 14

Guidelines for treatment based on the empirical evidence and advice issued by experts

Question 15

Exogenous

Answer 15

Agents acting from outside the body; divided into physical, chemical, and microbiologic injury

Question 16

Experimental Pathology

Answer 16

a.k.a investigative pathology; science that seeks to ink the presentation of a disease in a whole organism with its fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms, with the research findings being applied to its diagnosis and treatment

Question 17

External Agents of Injury

Answer 17

Physical, chemical, or microbial causes of injury

Question 18

Follow-Up

Answer 18

checking the patient after treatment to monitor the progress

Question 19

Functional Disease

Answer 19

Diseases in which there are no visible lesions, at least at the onset of the disease; most common functional diseases are tension headache and irritable bowel syndrome; other examples: diabetes and hypertension

Question 20

Genetic Disease

Answer 20

Disease caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup of the individual, either at the level of chromosomes, or at the genetic level

Question 21

History

Answer 21

Listening to the patient or patient’s relatives to ascertain the symptoms, and reviewing any other past or present medical problems that might relate to them

Question 22

Hyperplasia

Answer 22

The abnormal proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue resulting in an increase in cells

Question 23

Iatrogenic

Answer 23

Adverse reactions resulting from treatment applied by a healthcare provider

Question 24

Idiopathic

Answer 24

Disease of unknown cause

Question 25

Immunologic Disease

Answer 25

Disease caused by aberrations of the immune system

Question 26

Infection

Answer 26

Microbiologic injury caused by organisms of bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan origin

Question 27

Inflammation

Answer 27

The vascular and cellular response to necrosis or sublethal cell injury that is the body's mechanism of limiting the spread of injury

Question 28

Internal Mechanism of Injury

Answer 28

vascular insufficiency, immunologic reactions, and metabolic disturbbances

Question 29

Laboratory Finding

Answer 29

Observations made by the application of tests or special procedures

Question 30

Lesion

Answer 30

Structural changes within the body caused by disease

Question 31

Metabolic Disease

Answer 31

biochemical disorders involving lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, or vitamins

Question 32

Neoplasia

Answer 32

The abnormal proliferation of cells

Question 33

Nosocomial

Answer 33

Disease acquired from a hospital environmen

Question 34

Structural Disease

Answer 34

organic disease; Diseases characterized by structural changes within the body; Categories: 1) Genetic and Developmental diseases 2) Acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases 3) Hyperplasias and Neoplasms

Question 35

Pathogenesis

Answer 35

Structural and functional mechanisms leading to disease

Question 36

Pathology

Answer 36

the study of disease

Question 37

Pathophysiology

Answer 37

derangement of function in disease

Question 38

Physical Examination

Answer 38

The process by which a healthcare specialist examines the body for signs of disease

Question 39

Prognosis

Answer 39

A prediction about the course a disease will take

Question 40

Repair

Answer 40

The body's attempt to replace dead cells, whether by regeneration of the original tissue or by replacement with connective scar tissue

Question 41

Sign

Answer 41

Physical observation made by the examiner of the patient

Question 42

Surgical Pathology

Answer 42

A branch of pathology that makes diagnoses based on gross, microscopic, and other tests on tissue removed from live patients during surgery; used to develop treatment strategies

Question 43

Symptom

Answer 43

evidence of disease perceived by the patient

Question 44

Syndrome

Answer 44

A cluster of findings commonly encountered with more than one disease

Question 45

Trauma

Answer 45

injury caused by extrinsic factors

Question 46

Vascular Disease

Answer 46

inlude obstruction of blood supply to an organ or tissue, hemorrhage, or altered blood flow

Question 47

Workup

Answer 47

Investigation of a patient's symptoms to determine the cause of the ailment

Question 48

Steps in the Care of a Patient's Illness

Answer 48

1) Gather facts: history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiology tests 2) Interpret the facts and render a diagnosis 3) Treat the patient, if feasible 4) Follow up on results of treatment

Question 49

Obstacles to Patient Care

Answer 49

availability of resources, nature of particular disease, and clinician's ability to understand disease processes

Question 50

Reactions to Injury

Answer 50

Inflammation and Repair