Human Diseases study guide 2 for Exam 1 Flashcards
(91 cards)
Disease:
the inability of the body to adapt and return to homeostasis; any disturbance of the structure or function of the body
Etiology
: the cause, especially the cause of disease
Signs & Symptoms
physical findings of disease, subjective manifestations of a disease
Diagnosis
the determination of the nature and cause of patient’s illness; clinical history, physical exam, differential diagnosis
Prognosis
the probable outcome of a disease or disorder, the outlook for recovery
Pathogenesis
manner in which a disease is developed
Patient History & Physical Exam
gross examination (naked eye) vs histologic examination (microscope)
- Clinical history- history or current illness, medical history, family history, social history, review of symptoms
- Physical exam- systemic exam of patient, with emphasis on parts of body affected by illness, abnormalities noted correlated with clinical history
- Differential diagnosis- consideration of various diseases or conditions that may explains symptoms and signs, diagnostic possibilities narrowed by selected lab tests, opinion of medical consultant
Vascular
disease of blood vessels, arteries and veins
Infectious/inflammatory/communicable
caused by organisms like bacteria, fungi, can live in and on our bodies
Neoplastic-
abnormal growth, malignant or benign
Degenerative/chronic
deteriorates over time, which affects tissues and organs
Idiopathic
unknown cause
Congenital
present at or before birth
Allergic
hypersensitivity of the immune system
Endocrine
hormone disorders
General diagnostic test considerations
- Sensitivity: the percentage of patients classified as positive by a test who do have the disease
- Specificity: the percentage of patients without the disease who are classified as negative by the test
- Clinical lab
biochemical, immunological, and molecular based
o Determines concentration of substances that are frequently altered by disease in blood or urine
- Image techniques
o Xray
Radiopaque
Radiolucent
o Computerized tomography CT
an xray technique providing detailed cross-sectional images of the body by means of xray tube and detectors connected to a computer
o Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
o Position emission tomography PET
the most widely used applications used to study the metabolic activity of the body
o Ultrasound
a technique for mapping the reflected echoes produced by high-frequency waves transmitted into the body
- Cytology and histology
o Histologic examination: a biopsy
Innate Immunity
quick response to predetermined array of chemical signals