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Zoology 100 > Human & Frog Integumentary System > Flashcards

Human & Frog Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. It also compromises the skin and its appendage (including hair, scales, nails, feathers etc)

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

Functions of Frog Skin

A
  1. protection from injuries
  2. respiration
  3. reception of environmental stimuli
  4. movement of nutrients and gas
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3
Q

frog skin side that is darker

A

dorsal

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4
Q

frog skin is

A

thin, slippery and moist

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5
Q

frog skin color varies

A

a. environment

b. distribution of pigment cells or chromatophores

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6
Q

4 kinds of pigments or chromatophores

A
  1. Guanophores
  2. Lipophores
  3. Melanophores
  4. Xanthophores
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7
Q

white colored pigments

A

Guanophores

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8
Q

reddish pigment

A

Lipophores

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9
Q

black brown pigment

A

Melanophores

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10
Q

yellow pigment

A

Xanthophores

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11
Q

2 layers of frog skin

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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12
Q

Greek word epi

A

over or upon

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13
Q

outer layer of frog skin and it is stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

2 layers of epidermis

A
  1. Stratum Corneum

2. Stratum Germinativum

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15
Q

inner layer of skin and made up of connective tissues

A

Dermis

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16
Q

2 regions of Dermis

A
  1. Stratum Spongiosum

2. Stratum Compactum

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17
Q

location of stratum corneum

A

outermost layer

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18
Q

structure of stratum corneum

A

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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19
Q

function of stratum corneum

A
  1. protect underlying tissue from infection
  2. dehydration
  3. chemical and mechanical stress
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20
Q

outermost layer of epidermis and consist dead cells

A

Stratum corneum

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21
Q

location of germinativum

A

inner layer / under stratum corneum

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22
Q

structure of germina

A

stratified columnar epithelial tissue

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23
Q

function of germina

A

divide and replace constantly shed off stratum corneum of skin or skin regeneration

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24
Q

loose connective tissue , blood vessels, pigment cells and glands

A

Stratum Spongiosum

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25
dense connective tissue, smooth muscle fibers
stratum Compactum
26
2 types of frog skin glands
1. Mucous Glands | 2. Poison Gland
27
smaller, more numerous, prevents from drying up
Mucous glands
28
larger, fewer, produce substances that can be mildly irritating or very toxic depending on the species, protection against enemies
Poison Glands
29
largest organ of the body
Skin
30
percent of skin body weight
15
31
fatty layer
hypodermis
32
functions of humans skin
1. protection 2. synthesizes Vitamin D 3. Regulates body heat 4. Prevents unnecessary water loss 5. Sensory reception
33
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
34
4 types of epidermis cells
1. Keratinocytes 2. Melanocytes 3. Merkel cells 4. Langerhans cells
35
deepest, produce keratin
Keratinocytes
36
make dark skin pigment malanin
Melanocytes
37
associated with sensory nerve endings
Merkel cells
38
macrophage-like dendritic cells
Langerhans cells
39
Layers of Epidermis
1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum
40
single row of cells attached to dermis, youngest cells
Stratum basale or stratum germinativum
41
spinyness is artifactual; tonofilaments resist tension
Stratum spinosum
42
bundles of protein
tonofilaments
43
layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin
Stratum granulosum
44
thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in epidermis
stratum lucidum
45
horny outer layer of epodermis
Stratum corneum
46
Four basic types of tissues
1. Epithelium 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue
47
strong, flexible, connective tissue rich supply of nerves and vessels critical control in temperature regulation
dermis
48
cells of dermis
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, wbcs
49
fiber types of dermis
collagen, elastic, reticular
50
2 layers of dermis
papillary | reticular
51
areolar connective tissues includes dermal papillaries
Papillary
52
"reticulum" (network) of collagen and reticular fibers
Reticular
53
dermal papillae lie atop dermal ridges, elevate the overlying epidermis , are "sweat films" because of sweat pores, genetically determined
Fingerprints, Palmprints and Footprints
54
deep dermis from continual folding
Flexion creases
55
collagen: strength and resilience
fibers
56
stretch-recoll
elastic fibers
57
stretch marks
striae
58
direction of bundles of fibers are directed
Tension lines
59
below the skin
Hypodermis (Gk) or Subcutaneous (Latin)
60
hypodermis is also called
superficial fascia
61
sheet of connective tissue
fascia
62
fatty tissue which store fat and anchors skin | different patterns of accumulation
hypodermis
63
3 skin pigments
1. melanin 2. carotene 3. hemoglobin
64
most important
melanin
65
carrots and yellow veggies
carotene
66
pink of light skin
hemoglobin
67
Melanin in granules passes from
melanocytes to keratinocytes in stratum basale
68
derived from epidermis but extend into dermis
Skin appendages
69
skin appendages includes
hair and hair follicles sebaceous or oil glands sweat gland nail
70
hard keratin, corresponds to hooves or claws,
nails
71
derived from epidermis and dermis, everywhere but palms, soles, nipples parts of genitalia, made up of hard keratin
Hair and hair follicles
72
functions of hair
warmth sense of light touch of skin protection
73
parts of hair
root imbedded in skin | shaft projecting above skin surface
74
3 concentric layers of hair
1. Medulla 2. Cortex 3. Cuticle
75
core
medulla
76
surrounds medulla
cortex
77
single layer, overlapping
cuticle
78
Types of hair
1. vellus 2. intermediate hairs 3. terminal
79
fine, short hairs
vellus
80
longer, courser hair
terminal
81
hair growth
2mm/week
82
Hair loss
1. thinning | 2. male pattern baldness
83
genetically determined though influenced by hormones or environment
hair color
84
decreased melanin and air bubble in the medulla
color white
85
microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter
subaceous gland
86
to lubricate and waterproof th skin and hair of mammals, entire body except palms and soles
sebum
87
produce in response to stress as well as heat, entire skin surface except nipples and part of external genitalia
sweat glands
88
mostly water in sweat glands
500 cc to 12 L/day
89
types of sweat glands
1. Eccrine 2. Apocrine 3. modified apocrine glands
90
most numerous, open through pores
eccrine
91
axillary, anal and genital areas only, ducts open into hair follicles, organic molecules inn it decompose with time odor
apocrine
92
secrete earwax
ceruminous
93
secrete milk
mammary

Zoology 100 (11 decks)

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