Human Genome project Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the human genome project?
-Ran from 1990 to 2003
- determined the order of bases in the human genome
- to identify all the genes in the human genome and find the location of each gene.
what sequencing was used in the Human Genome Project and what were the disadvantages?
-Sanger sequencing which sequences relatively small sections of DNA at a time so took a long time
what was the 100k Genome Project?
- project launched in 2012.
- sequenced 100000 genomes from patients with cancer/ rare disease and members of their families.
what sequencing was used in the 100k genome project?
Next generation sequencers (NGS), which can sequence an entire genome in just a few hours.
what are the ethical issues with the ownership of genetic information after sequencing?
- potential discrimination
- social stigmatisation
- misuse of the data ( for example by insurance companies or employers)
Why have we sequenced the mosquito genome?
- both mosquito and plasmodium genome have been sequenced to develop better ways of controlling malaria.
- sequencing genome to allow scientists to develop chemicals to result in mosquito being susceptible.
- sequencing plasmodium genome is allowing for the development of more effective drugs
Why do we look at genome projects of a number of other species?
- allow scientists to look at evolutionary relationships
- help with conservation of species in the future
What are the benefits of the NGS technology?
-significantly cheaper, -quicker,
-significantly less DNA (obtained from a single strand.)
- more accurate and reliable
What are three aims of the 100k project?
- improve the accuracy of diagnoses
- find new ways of treating genetic diseases
-improve the design of drugs - possible to tailor therapies to individual patients
Three potential drawback actvities that could be used using NGS?
- genetic counselling
- embryo screening
- possibility of routine screening for adult onset disorders i.e Alzheimers
