Human Growth and Development

Question 1

Infancy

Answer 1

Timeline: Birth to 2-3 years (Approximately)

Infancy: the period between birth and 1 year of age
Toddler: the period between 1 and 3 years of age

Marks the time of the most significant growth in humans, relative to all the other stages.
Head and chest grow rapidly, allowing the brain, heart, and lungs to develop quickly

considerable amounts of Bone hardening, musclar devlopment and ability to perform motor skills(crawling, grasping obj, walking)

Question 2

Childhood

Answer 2

Timeline: 4-10 years old (Approximately)

Childhood: the body undergoes a stabilizing period that allows the child to
begin to establish an important base of motor skills.

Question 3

Adolescence

Answer 3

Timeline: 11-18 years old (Approximately)

Puberty: A whole range of physiological changes take place, as both genders
begin to grow into sexual maturity

Question 4

Adulthood

Answer 4

Timeline: 18 years old & older

Adulthood: Although most of the body’s growth has taken place by adulthood,
adults do go through a wide range of physical changes as they grow older\

General Examples:
→ Relatively large gains in weight;
→ A reduced capacity to take in and utilize oxygen;
→ An increase in blood pressure and resting heart rate

Question 5

Describe LTD Model

Answer 5

Long-Term Development in Sport and Physical Activity is a framework for the development of every child, youth, and adult to enable optimal participation in sport and physical activity.

Question 6

The sensorimotor stage

Answer 6

Birth to 2 years

Characterized by an infant’s demonstration of intelligence by means of motor activity without the use of symbols (can crawl, however they cannot read or recognize letters, numbers, or other symbols).

Later in sensorimotor stage children develop early language abilities.

Question 7

Preoperational Stage

Answer 7

(2 to 7 years)

Children demonstrate intelligence through the use of symbols (letters, numbers, pictures) to represent real-life object
Language abilities begin to develop. There is also significant growth in their memory and imagination.

Question 8

Concrete-Operational Stage

Answer 8

(7 to 11 years)

Logical thinking develops, and children become able to solve hands-on problems in a logical fashion
Children can understand sequences in reverse, which is known as “reversibility” or “operational thinking”.

Question 9

Formal Operational

Answer 9

(11 to 15 years)

Children demonstrate intelligence through their ability to solve increasingly complicated abstract problems using logic, and by understanding how to use symbols related to abstract concepts.
During this stage children often return to egocentric thinking patterns

Question 10

4 Components of human growth and development

Answer 10

Physical: the growth and development of the body’s muscles, bones, energy systems, and nervous systems

Cognitive: an individual’s ability to interpret and process information and the introduction and establishment of a person’s self-concept or self-awareness

Social: the development of relationships with peers, friends, relatives, adults, and others in the “outside world”

Emotional: an individual’s ability to manage and regulate emotions such as motivation, pleasure, empathy, fear, anxiety, and anger.

Question 11

3 Ages in physical development

Answer 11

Chronological age: measured in years, months, and days. The standard use of the term “age”

Skeletal age: age as indicated by the physical maturity of the skeleton. Often assessed by taking an x-ray of the hand or wrist, and analyzing the degree of ossification

Developmental age: includes the interaction between the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of the individual. The age expressed by one’s ability to perform certain tasks.