human growth hormone

Question 1

1. What is another name for Growth Hormone (GH)?
   A) Insulin
   B) Somatostatin
   C) Somatotropin
   D) Cortisol

Answer 1

Answer: C) Somatotropin

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an effect of Growth Hormone?
A) Increase in protein production
B) Decrease in glucose usage
C) Increase in fatty acid release from adipose tissue
D) Decrease in bone density

Answer 2

Answer: D) Decrease in bone density

Question 3

How many amino acids does GH contain?
A) 100
B) 191
C) 250
D) 50

Answer 3

Answer: B) 191

Question 3

What is the primary function of Growth Hormone?
A) Stimulating red blood cell production
B) Promoting tissue growth
C) Regulating blood pressure
D) Enhancing digestion

Answer 3

Answer: B) Promoting tissue growth

Question 4

Growth Hormone is the most important hormone for:
A) Metabolism of minerals
B) Development of the nervous system
C) Normal growth to adult stature
D) Regulation of blood pressure

Answer 4

Answer: C) Normal growth to adult stature

Question 5

Which metabolic effect is associated with Growth Hormone?
A) Decrease in protein synthesis
B) Increase in glucose usage
C) Increase in fatty acid release from adipose tissue
D) Reduction in muscle mass

Answer 5

Answer: C) Increase in fatty acid release from adipose tissue

Question 6

When does an enormous burst of Growth Hormone secretion occur?
A) During infancy
B) During childhood
C) At puberty
D) In old age

Answer 6

Answer: C) At puberty

Question 6

The regulation of GH secretion involves what type of control?
A) Positive feedback
B) Direct inhibition only
C) Feed-back control
D) No regulation

Answer 6

Answer: C) Feed-back control

Question 7

What is the half-life of Growth Hormone (GH)?
A) 1-5 minutes
B) 6-20 minutes
C) 30-60 minutes
D) 2-4 hours

Answer 7

Answer: B) 6-20 minutes

Question 8

Growth hormone is transported in the plasma by:
A) Red blood cells
B) Plasma carrier proteins
C) White blood cells
D) Free-floating in plasma

Answer 8

Answer: B) Plasma carrier proteins

Question 9

Which hormone inhibits Growth Hormone secretion?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Somatostatin
D) Thyroxine

Answer 9

Answer: C) Somatostatin

Question 10

How does Growth Hormone secretion change from birth to puberty?
A) Increases steadily from birth into early childhood
B) Decreases steadily from birth into early childhood
C) Remains constant from birth to puberty
D) Starts high at birth, then declines rapidly

Answer 10

Answer: A) Increases steadily from birth into early childhood

Question 11

When does Growth Hormone secretion peak during sleep?
A) Just before waking up
B) During REM sleep
C) During the first few hours of deep sleep
D) Right after falling asleep

Answer 11

Answer: C) During the first few hours of deep sleep

Question 12

What is another name for Somatomedin?
A) Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF)
B) Cortisol
C) Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
D) Somatostatin

Answer 12

Answer: A) Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF)

Question 13

Where is IGF mainly produced?
A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Bone marrow
D) Kidneys

Answer 13

Answer: B) Liver

Question 13

What is the primary function of IGF-II?
A) Stimulates neuron development
B) Stimulates placental and prenatal fetal growth
C) Enhances muscle contraction
D) Inhibits immune function

Answer 13

Answer: B) Stimulates placental and prenatal fetal growth

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of Growth Hormone or IGF?
A) Activating cartilage metabolism
B) Stimulating DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
C) Increasing blood sugar levels
D) Stimulating neuron development postnatally

Answer 14

Answer: C) Increasing blood sugar levels

Question 15

What is the name of the ends of a growing long bone?
A) Diaphysis
B) Osteoblasts
C) Epiphyses
D) Chondrocytes

Answer 15

Answer: C) Epiphyses

Question 16

What is the function of the epiphyseal growth plate?
A) It forms the outer covering of the bone
B) It allows bone to grow in width only
C) It is a site of actively proliferating cartilage that enables bone lengthening
D) It prevents bone remodeling

Answer 16

Answer: C) It is a site of actively proliferating cartilage that enables bone lengthening

Question 17

Which cells are responsible for forming new bone at the epiphyseal growth plate?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Fibroblasts

Answer 17

Answer: B) Osteoblasts

Question 18

What is bone remodeling?
A) The process of cartilage turning into bone
B) The formation of new bones in childhood
C) The replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue
D) The expansion of the bone marrow cavity

Answer 18

Answer: C) The replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue

Question 19

Which cells lay down new cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate?
A) Osteocytes
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Macrophages

Answer 19

Answer: C) Chondrocytes

Question 19

What happens to the epiphyseal growth plate at puberty?
A) It becomes thicker
B) It is converted to bone due to hormonal influences
C) It continues growing indefinitely
D) It dissolves and disappears completely

Answer 19

Answer: B) It is converted to bone due to hormonal influences

Question 20

What is the term for the process where the epiphyseal growth plate turns into bone, stopping further linear growth?
A) Bone elongation
B) Epiphyseal closure
C) Bone deposition
D) Osteoclast activation

Answer 20

Answer: B) Epiphyseal closure

Question 21

How does Growth Hormone (GH) contribute to bone growth? A) By stimulating osteoclasts and inhibiting chondrocytes B) By stimulating both osteoblasts and chondrocytes C) By increasing calcium absorption only D) By preventing bone remodeling

Answer 21

Answer: B) By stimulating both osteoblasts and chondrocytes

Question 22

When does normal bone growth occur? A) Before the epiphyseal plate disappears B) After the epiphyseal plate disappears C) Only in adults D) Only in fetal development

Answer 22

Answer: A) Before the epiphyseal plate disappears

Question 22

In adults, what is the main function of bone remodeling? A) Increasing bone length B) Preventing bone growth C) Maintaining bone mass D) Stopping bone formation

Answer 22

Answer: C) Maintaining bone mass

Question 22

In a healthy adult skeleton, what is the relationship between bone deposition and absorption? A) Deposition is much greater than absorption B) Absorption is much greater than deposition C) Deposition and absorption are normally in equilibrium D) Absorption completely stops after puberty

Answer 22

Answer: C) Deposition and absorption are normally in equilibrium

Question 23

Which bone cells are responsible for depositing new bone? A) Osteoclasts B) Chondrocytes C) Osteoblasts D) Fibroblasts

Answer 23

Answer: C) Osteoblasts

Question 24

How does Growth Hormone (GH) affect osteoblasts? A) It inhibits their activity B) It strongly stimulates them C) It converts them into osteoclasts D) It has no effect on them

Answer 24

Answer: B) It strongly stimulates them

Question 25

Which bones continue to become thicker throughout life under the influence of GH? A) Only long bones B) Only compact bones C) Membranous bones D) Only bones with active growth plates

Answer 25

Answer: C) Membranous bones

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an effect of GH on skeletal growth? A) Increased protein deposition by chondrocytes and osteogenic cells B) Increased reproduction of chondrocytes and osteogenic cells C) Conversion of chondrocytes into osteogenic cells D) Direct conversion of osteoclasts into osteoblasts

Answer 26

Answer: D) Direct conversion of osteoclasts into osteoblasts

Question 27

How does GH affect total bone mass and mineral density? A) It decreases both B) It has no effect C) It increases both D) It only increases mineral density, not bone mass

Answer 27

Answer: C) It increases both

Question 28

Which of the following is an effect of GH on protein metabolism? A) Enhancement of amino acid transport into cells B) Decreased nuclear transcription of DNA C) Inhibition of RNA translation D) Increased protein breakdown

Answer 28

Answer: A) Enhancement of amino acid transport into cells

Question 29

How does GH promote protein synthesis? A) By increasing DNA transcription to form RNA B) By decreasing RNA translation C) By preventing amino acid absorption D) By inhibiting ribosomal activity

Answer 29

Answer: A) By increasing DNA transcription to form RNA

Question 30

What happens to protein catabolism under the influence of GH? A) It increases B) It decreases C) It remains unchanged D) It stops completely

Answer 30

Answer: B) It decreases

Question 31

How does Growth Hormone (GH) affect lipid metabolism? A) Decreases the mobilization of fatty acids B) Increases the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue C) Decreases the level of free fatty acids in the blood D) Prevents the use of fatty acids for energy

Answer 31

Answer: B) Increases the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue

Question 32

How does GH affect carbohydrate metabolism? A) Increases glucose uptake in tissues B) Decreases glucose uptake in tissues like skeletal muscle and fat C) Decreases glucose production by the liver D) Decreases insulin secretion

Answer 32

Answer: B) Decreases glucose uptake in tissues like skeletal muscle and fat

Question 32

What is one of the effects of GH on fatty acid metabolism? A) It reduces ketone bodies in the blood B) It prevents fatty acid mobilization C) It increases the use of fatty acids for energy D) It stops fat metabolism

Answer 32

Answer: C) It increases the use of fatty acids for energy

Question 33

What effect does GH have on glucose production? A) Increases glucose production by the liver B) Decreases glucose production by the liver C) Stops glucose production D) Converts glucose into fat

Answer 33

Answer: A) Increases glucose production by the liver

Question 34

What happens to insulin secretion under the influence of GH? A) It decreases B) It remains unchanged C) It increases D) It stops completely

Answer 34

Answer: C) It increases

Question 35

What is the diabetogenic effect of GH? A) It decreases blood sugar levels B) It increases blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia C) It lowers insulin secretion D) It prevents glucose production

Answer 35

Answer: B) It increases blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia

Question 36

What is the scientific consensus on GH as an anti-aging treatment? A) Research strongly supports its anti-aging effects B) Research has shown mixed results C) There is no scientific support for its anti-aging effects D) It is widely prescribed for healthy elderly individuals

Answer 36

Answer: C) There is no scientific support for its anti-aging effects

Question 37

How does GH affect tissue growth? A) Causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia in all tissues B) Decreases cell size and number C) Prevents organ growth D) Stops calcium absorption

Answer 37

Answer: A) Causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia in all tissues

Question 38

How does GH influence calcium metabolism? A) Increases calcium absorption from the intestines B) Decreases calcium absorption C) Stops calcium transport D) Lowers blood calcium levels

Answer 38

Answer: A) Increases calcium absorption from the intestines

Question 39

What characterizes gigantism? A) GH release increases after the epiphyseal plate closes B) GH release increases before the closure of the epiphyseal plate C) Shortened bone length D) Hypoglycemia

Answer 39

Answer: B) GH release increases before the closure of the epiphyseal plate

Question 40

What is a primary characteristic of acromegaly? A) Bones become thinner B) Bones become thicker C) Height increases significantly D) Bones stop growing completely

Answer 40

Answer: B) Bones become thicker

Question 41

Which body parts are most affected by acromegaly? A) Arms and legs B) Nose, lower jaw, cranium, fingers, and hands C) Eyes and ears D) Lungs and stomach

Answer 41

Answer: B) Nose, lower jaw, cranium, fingers, and hands

Question 41

What spinal condition is commonly associated with acromegaly? A) Scoliosis B) Lordosis C) Kyphosis D) Osteoporosis

Answer 41

Answer: C) Kyphosis

Question 42

Why does acromegaly not result in increased height? A) Growth hormone has no effect on height B) The epiphyseal plates have already closed in adulthood C) The bones become shorter instead D) Acromegaly only affects soft tissues

Answer 42

Answer: B) The epiphyseal plates have already closed in adulthood