Human Movement

Question 1

toward the front

Answer 1

anterior (ventral)

Question 2

toward the back

Answer 2

posterior (dorsal)

Question 3

toward the head

Answer 3

superior

Question 4

away from the head

Answer 4

inferior

Question 5

toward the midline of the body

Answer 5

medial

Question 6

away from the midline of the body

Answer 6

lateral

Question 7

toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Answer 7

proximal

Question 8

away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Answer 8

distal

Question 9

external; located close to or on the body surface

Answer 9

superficial

Question 10

internal; located further beneath the body surface than the superficial structures

Answer 10

deep

Question 11

regional term referring to the neck

Answer 11

cervical

Question 12

regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen; also known as the chest

Answer 12

thoracic

Question 13

regional term referring to the portion of the body between the abdomen and the pelvis

Answer 13

lumbar

Question 14

the side of bottom of the feet

Answer 14

plantar

Question 15

the top surface of the feet and hands

Answer 15

dorsal

Question 16

the anterior or ventral surface of the hands

Answer 16

palmar

Question 17

a longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections

Answer 17

sagittal plane

Question 18

a longitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 18

frontal plane

Question 19

known as the horizontal plane; an imaginary line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior parts

Answer 19

transverse plane

Question 20

means “joint”

Answer 20

arthro

Question 21

means “two”

Answer 21

bi

Question 22

means “arm”

Answer 22

brachium

Question 23

means “heart”

Answer 23

cardio

Question 24

means “head”

Answer 24

cephalo

Question 25

means "cartilage"

Answer 25

chondro

Question 26

means "rib"

Answer 26

costo

Question 27

means "skin"

Answer 27

dermo

Question 28

means "blood"

Answer 28

hemo, hemat

Question 29

means "ilium"

Answer 29

ilio

Question 30

means "muscle"

Answer 30

myo

Question 31

means "bone"

Answer 31

osteo, os

Question 32

means "lung"

Answer 32

pulmo

Question 33

means "chest"

Answer 33

thoraco

Question 34

means "three"

Answer 34

tri

Question 35

actions/movements in the sagittal plane | Mnemonic: FEDP - Fat Emperor Devours Pie

Answer 35

flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

Question 36

actions/movements in the front plane

Answer 36

abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, inversion, eversion

Question 37

actions/movements in the transverse plane

Answer 37

rotation, pronation, supination, horizontal flexion (adduction), horizontal extension (abduction)

Question 38

actions/movements in the multiplanar plane

Answer 38

circumduction, opposition

Question 39

decreasing the angle between two bones

Answer 39

flexion

Question 40

increasing the angle between two bones

Answer 40

extension

Question 41

moving the top of the foot toward the shin (only at the ankle joint)

Answer 41

dorsiflexion

Question 42

moving the sole of foot downward; "pointing the toes" (only at the ankle)

Answer 42

plantarflexion

Question 43

motion away from the midline of the body (or part)

Answer 43

abduction

Question 44

motion toward the midline of the body (or part)

Answer 44

adduction

Question 45

moving to a superior position (only at the scapula)

Answer 45

elevation

Question 46

moving to an inferior position (only at the scapula)

Answer 46

depression

Question 47

lifting the medial border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Answer 47

inversion

Question 48

lifting the lateral border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Answer 48

eversion

Question 49

internal (inward) or external (outward) turning about the vertical axis of the bone

Answer 49

rotation

Question 50

rotating the hand and wrist medially from the elbow

Answer 50

pronation

Question 51

rotating the hand and wrist laterally from the elbow

Answer 51

supination

Question 52

from a 90-degree abducted shoulder or hip position, the humerus or femur, respectively, is flexed (adducted) in toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Answer 52

horizontal flexion (adduction)

Question 53

the return of the humerus or femur from horizontal flexion (adduction)

Answer 53

horizontal extension (abduction)

Question 54

motion that describes a "cone"; combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in sequence

Answer 54

circumduction

Question 55

thumb movement unique to humans and primates

Answer 55

opposition

Question 56

assist the agonist muscle in causing a desired action; may act as joint stabilizers or may neutralize rotation or be activated when external resistance increases or the agonist becomes fatigued

Answer 56

synergist muscles

Question 57

when the agonist and antagonist contract together and a joint must be stabilized

Answer 57

co-contraction

Question 58

3 main types of muscle movement

Answer 58

1) static 2) concentric (shortening) 3) eccentric (lengthening)

Question 59

the range of uninhibited movement around a joint or body segment

Answer 59

joint mobility

Question 60

the ability to maintain or control joint movement or position

Answer 60

joint stability

Question 61

the point at which the body's mass is considered to concentrate and where it is balances on either side in all planes

Answer 61

center of gravity (COG)

Question 62

a theoretical line passing through the center of gravity, dissecting the body into two hemispheres

Answer 62

line of gravity

Question 63

the areas of contact between the feet and their supporting surface and the area between the feet

Answer 63

base of support (BOS)

Question 64

3 things that encompass muscular balance

Answer 64

1) equal strength and flexibility on the right and left sides of the body (bilateral symmetry) 2) proportional strength ratios in opposing (agonist/antagonist) muscle groups, although may not be exactly equal 3) balance in flexibility, in that normal ranges of motion are achieved but not exceeded

Question 65

contribute to the creation of core stability

Answer 65

static and dynamic stabilizers

Question 66

static stabilizers

Answer 66

bony configuration of joints, fibrocartilages, and ligaments

Question 67

dynamic stabilizers

Answer 67

muscles

Question 68

T/F: Dynamic structures/stabilizers contribute more to core stability that static stabilizers.

Answer 68

True