Human Nature Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is liberalism’s view of human nature?
Liberalism offers an optimistic view of human nature, arguing that individuals have a huge capacity for progress and happiness.
Who first articulated the liberal view of human nature?
John Locke articulated the liberal view of human nature, which was later refined by thinkers like John Stuart Mill.
How does liberalism contrast with the medieval notion of human nature?
Liberalism challenges the medieval notion tied to the doctrine of original sin, which views mankind as deeply flawed and imperfect.
What is the Enlightenment’s influence on liberalism?
The Enlightenment influenced liberalism by promoting the idea that individuals are guided by reason and can shape their own destiny.
What do liberals believe about human problems?
Liberals see human problems as challenges that can be solved through reason and determination.
What role does reason play in liberalism?
Reason is central to liberalism, as it allows individuals to plan their future and achieve their goals.
How do liberals view debate and discussion?
Liberals believe that debate and discussion are manifestations of mankind’s innate reason and lead to consensus.
What is egotistical individualism?
Egotistical individualism is a belief linked to early liberalism that human beings are naturally drawn to the advancement of their own selfish interests and the pursuit of their own happiness.
What do proponents of egotistical individualism deny?
Proponents deny that egotistical individualism leads to conflict or gross sensitivity.
How do liberals view human nature?
Liberals view individuals as naturally self-seeking and self-serving, which is why liberalism is associated with egotistical individualism.
What do liberals believe prevents destructive selfishness?
Liberals believe that mankind’s innate rationality and virtue prevent destructive selfishness and competition.
What is the natural condition of human nature according to liberals?
The natural condition of human nature is one of self-aware individuals living in peace, harmony, and mutual understanding.
What is the liberal view on the existence of society without a state?
Liberalism’s optimistic view of human nature informs the belief that society can exist without a state.
What was Thomas Hobbes’ argument in Leviathan?
Hobbes argued that human nature is so brutally selfish that no society could arise or survive without being restrained by a strong, formal authority — a state.
How did early liberal philosophers like Locke differ from Hobbes?
Early liberal philosophers like Locke offered a very different view, suggesting that society could exist without a strong state.
