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Human Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

function of the NS

A

bodies communication centre

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2
Q

how does the body communicate with us

A

by continuous flow of info

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3
Q

what does the NS help us with

A

eating running solving problems emotions

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4
Q

coordination in the body is controlled by what 2 things

A

by both the nervous system and chemical coordination through hormones

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5
Q

describe the 3 functions of the NS

A

sensory receptors function
integrative/associative function
motor effectors function

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6
Q

what does the sensory function do

A

detect changes in the environment both external and internal

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7
Q

give examples of sensory receptors function

A

eyes (sight), ears (hearing), nose (smell), tongue (taste), skin (touch)

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8
Q

what does the integrative function do

A

receives info and makes decisions regarding action

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9
Q

examples of integrative function

A

change, stay, ignore

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10
Q

what does the motor function do?

A

causes an appropriate response in an effector

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11
Q

examples of motor function

A

muscles and glands

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12
Q

voluntary movement of motor functions

A

muscles

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13
Q

involuntary movement of motor function

A

glands

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14
Q

what is stimuli (plural) or stimulus (singular)

A

a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment

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15
Q

give examples of internal stimuli

A

blood pressure, pH, tension in muscles

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16
Q

examples of external stimuli

A

light, temp, sound, pressure

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17
Q

break the nervous system into 2

A

peripheral and central

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18
Q

break peripheral into 2

A

autonomic and somatic

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19
Q

what is autonomic nervous system ANS

A

consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and therefore is the involuntary movements

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20
Q

what is ANS responsible for

A

maintaining homeostasis and controls internal activities of organs and glands

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21
Q

what is somatic nervous system SNS

A

a division of PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles and therefore is the voluntary muscles movement

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22
Q

break the ANS into 2

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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23
Q

what is sympathetic nervous system

A

a set of nerves that preps the body for action in challenging situations
adrenalin

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24
Q

what is parasympathetic nervous system

A

a system of ANS that clams the body or conserving its energy
rest or digest
to recover from stimulation to normal

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25
define innervate
to supply with nerves
26
define double innervation
when there is an organ with the supply of both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems
27
what happens during flight or fight
more oxygen, glucose and more blood
28
examples of parasympathetic nervous system
heart : strengthens + acceleration : weakens + slows down speed up or slow down heart rate radial contract, dilating pupil - and circular muscles contract constricting pupil
29
what is peripheral nervous system PNS
is all the nerves extending from the spinal cord
30
describe the sensory function in the PNS
collects all the stimulus from receptors and takes to CNS
31
describe the motor function of the PNS
takes all the impulses from CNS to effectors to bring a response
32
what does the CNS comprise of `
the brain and spinal cord
33
provide the five protective structures of the brain
``` skull meninges cerebrospinal fluid vertebral column blood brain barrier ```
34
function of the meninges
producer of CSF from the three membranes | and act as shock absorption
35
what are the 5 macrostructures of the brain
cerebrum (at the top) cerebellum (broccoli) hypothalamus (that tiny fold in the middle) medulla oblongata (just before spinal chord) spinal chord (the last bit) pituitary gland (little piece under hypothalamus)
36
what is that thing that joins the left and right hemisphere together in the cerebrum
the corpus callosum
37
what is the function if the corpus callosum
communication to coordinate smoothly
38
where is the grey and white matter in the cerebrum
``` grey = outside white = inside ```
39
functions of the cerebrum
sensory - recieve and interpret data integrative - higher thinking, memories motor - all VOLUNTARY movement (skeletal muscles)
40
why is only a small part of the leg sensitive
because it is used for movement and it is full of effectors
41
functions of the cerebellum
allows for smooth movement (coordinates movement) controlling of muscle tone posture and balance
42
does the cerebellum have hemispheres
yes, two
43
discuss why the cerebellum is called the tree of life
grey matter looks like tree foliage | and white matter looks like the branches
44
functions of the medulla oblongata
pathway for impulses to and from the brain reflex centre for breathing, coughing and swallowing (peristalsis) so in general is in charge of all the involuntary stuff breathing and heartbeat
45
what is the large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain and spin connect
the foramen magnum
46
explain why the left hemisphere controls the right of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body
because the nerves cross over eachother over the medulla oblongata on the way to the brain
47
functions of the hypothalamus
``` maintains homeostasis (body temp, food intake, sleep cycle) controls emotional response (pain/pleasure and fear/rage) and controls the functioning of the pituitary gland ```
48
two characteristics that apply to both the cerebellum and cerebrum
has surface folds and grooves
49
where is the grey and white matter spinal chord
grey matter is on the inside | white matter is on the outside
50
what is the spinal chord
elongated rod of nervous tissue starting from medulla oblonagata
51
where does the spinal chord lie
inside the vertebral canal
52
functions of the spinal chord
pathway for impulses to follow | integrative function for primal reflexes - spianl reflexes it protects the body
53
what is vertebral column
it is the bone
54
what is vertebrae
33 individual bones
55
what are the discs between the vertebrea called
cartilage discs
56
what is the function of the cartilage discs
shock absorption
57
what is the central canal filled with
CSF
58
what are the axons, myelin sheaths made out of in the spin
white matter
59
what are the nerve bodies, dendrite and synapses made out of in the spin
grey matter
60
what is the structural unit of the nervous system
neuron
61
to make a motor nueron what do you need (8) labels
``` dendrite nucleus axon myelin sheath Schwann cell node of Ranvier synaptic knob terminal branch ```
62
what is the cell body of the neuron made of
membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
63
function of the dendrite and nucleus
1. recive and direct impulses to the cell body | 2. control cell body metabolism
64
what is the function of the axon
pathway for stimulus over long distances
65
function of the myelin sheath
for electrical insulation and | prevents impulses from disruption from other activity
66
what is myelin made out of
white fatty tissue/matter
67
what is the function of the Schwann cell
it secretes myelin and its wrapped around the axon
68
what is the function of the node of Ranvier
allows rapid conduction of impulses by forcing them to jump from node to node
69
when drawing the motor neuron what is the order of the structures node of Ranvier, myelin sheath and Schwann cell
myelin sheath is the space closest to the axon Schwann cell is that arch and the node of Ranvier is the space between the two Schwann cells SO LEAVE A SPACE FOR IT PLEASE!!
70
what is the function of the synaptic knob
creates a synapse with another motor neuron, gland cell
71
what is the function of the terminal branch
carry impulse to synaptic knob
72
should we indicate a direction of impulse??????
YES
73
then which way do we indicate the arrow of direction of impulse
from the dendrite to the terminal branches
74
types of neurons please?
unipolar neuron/sensory connector/interneuron/bipolar neuron multipolar/motor neuron
75
give the characteristics of sensory neuron
cell body in the middle 1 dendrite = unipolar carries the impulse to the CNS = AFFERENT
76
characteristics of connector neuron
it processes the decisions from the CNS and passes them on | has TWO DENDRITES because the cell body is in the middle
77
charcteristics of the motor neuron
multiple dendrites carry away to effectors efferent
78
what is an impulse/stimulus
the form of electrical communication used by neurons
79
what is a dendrite
it is a structure in a neuron that receives stimuli from other cells
80
axon
extension of nerves cell body that conducts impulses along a distance
81
what is the node of Ranvier
tiny gaps between schwann cells that aid in increasing the speed of impulse conduction

BIOLOGY (3 decks)

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