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Human Nervous System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

The body’s control and communication centre

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system

A

It provides a continuous flow of information which enables us to perform every tasks

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3
Q

What are the major functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory, integrative and motor function

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4
Q

What is the sensory function of the Nervous System

A

Sensory receptors detect changes in the external/internal environment

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5
Q

What is Integrative function of the Nervous System

A

The CNS receives info and decides which effectors need to react to the stimulus

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6
Q

What is the Motor function of the Nervous System

A

Effectors bring about appropriate responses

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7
Q

What is Stimuli

A

Physical or chemical changes in the environment that can cause a response in an organism

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8
Q

What is an example of an internal stimuli

A

Blood pressure

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9
Q

What is an example of external stimuli

A

Temperature

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10
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

The Brain and Spinal cord

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11
Q

What is the CNS responsible for

A

For processing all info from our senses , and directing our movements and thoughts

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12
Q

How is the CNS protected

A

By three connective tissue membranes called Meninges and cerebro-spinal fluid and is enclosed with the cranium

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebro-spinal fluid

A

Protects the CNS against shock and damage

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14
Q

What is the function of the cranium

A

It protects the brain against mechanical injuries

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15
Q

What are the meninges

A

Inner pia mater
Thin arachnoid membrane
Tough dura mater

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16
Q

What prevents jarring of the CNS, giving the body spring resilience

A

S-shape curvature of vertebral column n cartilaginous disks

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17
Q

What is the brain

A

The enlarged upper part of the spinal cord enclosed with the cranium

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18
Q

Parts of the brain

A

The Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Hypothalamus and Medulla oblongata

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19
Q

The Cerebrum

A

Has two cerebral hemispheres held together by the corpus callosum

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20
Q

What does the Corpus callosum do

A

Provides communication between hemispheres and the cerebral cortex and lower part of the CNS

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21
Q

What is the surface area of the Cerebrum made up of

A

Gyri( folds) and sulci (grooves)

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22
Q

What do Gyri and sulci fo

A

Enlarge the surface area so a large amount of brain cells can fit into a small cranial cavity

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23
Q

What is the Cerebral cortex

A

It’s the outer 3mm of Cerebrum made up of grey matter because of neuroplasm

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24
Q

What is the white matter

A

It’s below the grey matter, made up of mylinated nerve fibres ( fatty myelin- yt)

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25
Motor functions of the Cerebrum
In the frontal lobe Voluntary movements
26
Sensory functions of the Cerebrum
Receive and interpret impulses Hearing, smelling & tasting in the temporal lobe Sight in the occipital live Skin feel in the parietal lobe
27
Function of the association cortex
Higher mental activities- frontal lobe Intelligence, memory etc Integrate and store info before it’s sent to motor areas
28
Where does the Cerebellum lie
Below the cerebruh
29
What is the arrangement of grey and white Matter of the Cerebellum
White matter looks like branches and is surrounded by the Grey matter which looks like the foliage
30
What are the functions of the Cerebellum
It controls coordination and balance
31
Where is the Hypothalamus
It lies below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
32
What are the functions of the Hypothalamus
Helps maintain homeostasis by maintaining body temperature, food intake n water balance Is the centre for survival emotional response and behaviour It secretes ADH n controls the release of all the hormones from pituitary gland
33
Where is the Medulla oblongata
Forms the lowest part of the brain stem
34
What is it Called when it passed the foramen magnum
The spinal cord
35
What are the functions of the Medulla Oblingata
Serves as a pathway for impulses to n from the brain Acts as a Reflex centre
36
What reflexes does the Medulla Oblongata help control
Breathing, blood pressure by regulation vasodilation and vasoconstriction Swallowing Yawning Coughing
37
What is Vasodilation
It is the widening of blood vessels
38
What is vasoconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels
39
What does yawning do
It forces cool air into your body
40
What does coughing do
It helps open up breathing
41
What does the Corpus Collasum do
It separates left from right
42
What is the Spinal Cord
An elongated rod of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum situated in the vertebral canal
43
What happens at the Spinal Cord
The meeting if the CNS and the PNS
44
What are meninges
A thin tissue layer protecting the spinal cord
45
What are intervertebral discs
Carteligenous parts between vertebrae
46
What’s the function of intervertebral discs
Shock absorption Allow bending
47
How many bones does the vertebrae have
33
48
What is the central Canal
It runs through the spinal cord in the centre of the grey matter Filled with cerebro-spinal fluid
49
What is the Grey matter made of
Nerve cell bodies Dendrites Synapses
50
What is the White matter and what is it made of
It’s the fatty layer surrounding grey matter Made up of axons with myelin sheaths
51
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31 pairs
52
What is the dorsal groove
) ) Shallow
53
What is the ventral groove
It’s deep
54
What is the dorsal root
Has sensory monopolar nerves coming in Afferent Has ganglion
55
What is the ventral root
Has motor multipolar nerves going out Efferent
56
What is the dorsal ganglion
Has a small mass of neuron cell bodies
57
What are the functions of the spinal cord
Pathway for impulses from receptors to brain to effectors Spinal reflexes- very quick, think about after
58
What is the Peripheral Nervous System made up of
Nerves that link the CNS to the receptors and effectors
59
What are the 43 pairs of nerves
12 pairs- cranial connected to brain 31 pairs of spinal nervous entering & leaving the spinal cord
60
What are the functions of the PNS
Motor functions Sensory functions
61
What are the sensory functions of the PNS
Collects info from receptors, transmits it via impulses along neurons to the CNS
62
What are the motor functions of the PNS
Transmits impulses from CNS to effectors to bring about responses
63
What is the motor division made up of
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
64
What is the SNS
Conducts impulses from CNS ti skeletal muscle & therefore controls all voluntary muscular movements
65
What is the ANS
Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscles and glands & therefore controls involuntary muscles of glands Maintains homeostasis
66
What is voluntary
With conscious control by the brain
67
What is involuntary
Without conscious control
68
What is the ANS made up of
Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System
69
What does the Sympathetic do
Works together with adrenalin in emergency situations that cause stress Fight and flight More oxygen, glucose & blood sent to skeletal muscles where cellular respiration is speeded up to release more energy for action
70
What does the Parasympathetic do
Enables body to ‘rest and digest’ To recover from sympathetic stimulation- return to normal
71
What does the ANS do in response to changing conditions
Speeds/ slows heart & respiratory rate Adjusts blood pressure & temperature Shunts blood to where it’s needed Decreases/increases digestive secretions
72
Double innervation
Organs innervated with nerves from both systems
73
What is a coordinating system
A system that allows communication between the receptors and the effectors of the body to bring about appropriate reactions to the stimuli
74
The nervous co-ordinating system
Responds the fastest and is brought about by impulses travelling along nerves
75
The Endocrine co-ordinating system
Is slower and is brought about by chemicals called hormones which are carried in the blood

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