Human Nutrition

Question 1

What should a balanced diet include?

Answer 1

Appropriate proportions of
- carbohydrates,
- proteins,
- lipids,
- vitamins,
- minerals,
- water,
- dietary fibre

Question 2

Name 3 sources of protein

Answer 2

Eggs
Chicken
Dairy products
Meat
Fish

Question 3

Name 3 sources of carbohydrates

Answer 3

Bread
Pasta
Rice
Fruit
Legumes

Question 4

Name 3 sources of lipids

Answer 4

Butter
Oil
Nuts
Avocados

Question 5

Describe the function of vitamin A

Answer 5

Protect surface of the eye

Question 6

Describe the function of vitamin D

Answer 6

Absorption of calcium

Question 7

Describe the function of vitamin C

Answer 7

Sticks cells lining surface

Question 8

Describe the function of calcium

Answer 8

Making teeth and bones

Question 9

Describe the function of iron

Answer 9

Making haemoglobin

Question 10

What is the deficiency of vitamin A

Answer 10

Night blindness

Question 11

What is the deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 11

Scurvy

Question 12

What is the deficiency of vitamin D

Answer 12

Rickets

Question 13

What is the deficiency of calcium

Answer 13

Rickets

Question 14

What is the deficiency of iron

Answer 14

Anaemia

Question 15

What can vitamin A be found in?

Answer 15

Liver, butter, carrots

Question 16

What can vitamin C be found in?

Answer 16

Fresh fruit and veg

Question 17

What can vitamin D be found in?

Answer 17

Fish liver oils

Question 18

What can calcium be found in?

Answer 18

Dairy products, fish, bread

Question 19

What can iron be found in?

Answer 19

Red meat, green veg

Question 20

What can dietary fibre be found in?

Answer 20

Brown rice
Brown bread
Wholegrain cereal
Vegetables

Question 21

What is water used for in the body?

Answer 21

Stop dehydration and maintain fluid levels

Question 22

What is dietary fibre used for in the body?

Answer 22

Helps digestive system

Question 23

What are minerals used for in the body?

Answer 23

Help the vitamins work and maintain health

Question 24

What can a lack of certain vitamins and minerals lead to?

Answer 24

Deficiency diseases

Question 25

Why do energy requirements vary ?

Answer 25

Activity levels Age Gender Pregnancy

Question 26

What is the purpose of the stomach ?

Answer 26

Stomach makes stomach acid to kill pathogens to help prevent sickness.

Question 27

Which part of the digestive system releases all three types of enzyme?

Answer 27

The small intestine releases all three types of digestive enzyme.

Question 28

Name the process of pushing food along the digestive system.

Answer 28

Peristalsis

Question 29

What is starch digested into and how?

Answer 29

Starch is digested into glucose by amylase and maltase

Question 30

What is protein digested into and how?

Answer 30

To amino acids by proteases / pepsin

Question 31

What are lipids digested into and how?

Answer 31

Fatty acids and glycerol by lipase

Question 32

Where is bile produced and where is it stored?

Answer 32

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Question 33

What are the 2 roles of bile?

Answer 33

Neutralising stomach acid (to provide the optimum pH or enzymes in the small intestines) Emulsifying lipids (to provide a larger surface area to lipase enzymes)

Question 34

What is the process of diffusion?

Answer 34

The movement of substances from high to low concentration

Question 35

What factors affect the rate of movement of substances?

Answer 35

Surface area to volume ratio Distance Temperature Concentration gradient

Question 36

What is the experiment for testing the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of diffusion?

Answer 36

Purple jelly experiement

Question 37

How is the small intestine adapted for absorption by diffusion?

Answer 37

Micro villi to increase surface area, Thin walls (just 1 cell thick) reducing diffusion distance, Network of capillaries and good blood supply, Lacteal absorbs products of lipids' digestion

Question 38

What is the experiment to show absorption by diffusion in the small intestine?

Answer 38

Model gut

Question 39

What is the process of osmosis?

Answer 39

Movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 40

What is the experiment to show osmosis in a non living system?

Answer 40

Osmometer - thistle funnel