Variety of life and Classification

Question 1

How can you test the reliability of results?

Answer 1

By repeating an experiment - if repeats give the same or similar results it suggests they are reliable

Question 2

Independent variable

Answer 2

The thing YOU change in the experiment (e.g. coke or diet coke)

Question 3

Dependent variable

Answer 3

The thing that changes that you measure (blood sugar)

Question 4

Control variable

Answer 4

The thing that you keep the same to make it a fair test

Question 5

Mean

Answer 5

Add all the numbers together and divide by how many numbers there are

Question 6

How do you increase the reliability of the mean

Answer 6

By repeating the experiment and calculating a new mean

Question 7

What is more precise? mm or cm?

Answer 7

mm

Question 8

What is more precise g or mg?

Answer 8

mg

Question 9

What goes in the first column of a table?

Answer 9

Independent variable (the thing YOU change)

Question 10

What goes in the second column of a table?

Answer 10

Dependent variable (the thing that changes in the experiment)

Question 11

Where do the units go in a table?

Answer 11

In the headings

Question 12

When do you use a bar graph?

Answer 12

When the independent variable is categoric e.g coke / diet coke

Question 13

When do you use a line graph?

Answer 13

When the independent variable is continuous e.g. temperature or age

Question 14

What does categoric mean

Answer 14

Different categories of data e.g. male/female

Question 15

What is a discrete number?

Answer 15

Things you count and do in whole numbers e.g. number of individuals

Question 16

What is a continuous variable?

Answer 16

Things you measure like mass, length, time (and don’t have to be whole numbers)

Question 17

what do plant cells contain?

Answer 17

multi cellular organisms, e.g. cellulose cell wall, makes own food by photosynthesis

Question 18

What do moulds play a role in?

Answer 18

Moulds play a role in decay; yeast used in beer / wine / bread making.

Question 19

What is single cell fungi called?

Answer 19

Yeast

Question 20

How is Fungi organised?

Answer 20

A mycelium made of thread like structures called hyphie

cell walls made of chitin

Obtain nutrition by extracellular digestion (secrete digestive enzymes onto food and absorb soluble products).

Question 21

Why does bread rise?

Answer 21

Bread rises due to carbon dioxide gas given off by yeast as it respires sugars.

Question 22

What is multicellular fungi called?

Answer 22

Mould

Question 23

What is a categoric variable?

Answer 23

A special type of discrete variable and are described by labels like dog, cat, mouse

Question 24

What is an anomalous result?

Answer 24

A result that is very different to other repeats and is not included when calculating the mean.

Question 25

How have organisms adapted to live in different habitats?

Answer 25

They adapt over time, e.g. polar bears have - big feet to spread their weight - white fur coat to camouflage with snow - black skin under fur to absorb sun's heat - thick layer of fat for insulation - small ears to reduce surface area

Question 26

How can organisms be sorted into groups?

Answer 26

Sorted into groups based on shared features (classification)

Question 27

What are the 6 main groups of classification?

Answer 27

1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Fungi 4. Protoctists 5. Bacteria 6. Viruses (not strictly living things)

Question 28

Where do Protoctists mainly live?

Answer 28

Pond water

Question 29

What are Protoctists?

Answer 29

Microscopic single-celled organisms

Question 30

What features do Protoctists have?

Answer 30

Amoeba, while others have chloroplasts and are more like plants e.g. chlorella.

Question 31

What is an example of Pathogen?

Answer 31

malaria parasite (plasmodium)

Question 32

What is bacteria?

Answer 32

Microscopic, single-celled organism; they have a cell wall made of murein

Question 33

What do bacteria lack in their cells?

Answer 33

Nucleus, but they do contain a circular chromosome of DNA

Question 34

What do bacteria play a role in?

Answer 34

Decay and recycling of nutrients but some cause disease like food poisoning and tuberculosis. Some are used in food production (yogurt & cheese)

Question 35

Describe viruses

Answer 35

- smaller than bacteria - parasitic - only reproduce inside living cells - infect all living orgnaisms

Question 36

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 36

No cellular structure, just genetic material, wrapped in a protein coat, e.g. influenza virus and HIV

Question 37

What are animal cells?

Answer 37

- multi-cellular organisms - no cell wall - obtain nutrients by eating - most can move

Question 38

How can animals be classified?

Answer 38

Those with and those without a backbone, e.g. vertebrates and invertebrates

Question 39

What do Arthropods have?

Answer 39

Jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton (invertebrates)

Question 40

What do insects have?

Answer 40

A body divided into 3 sections, 6 jointed legs, may have a pair of wings e.g. flies and beetles,

Question 41

Name the different types of arthropods

Answer 41

``` Insects - flies & beetles Crustaceans - crabs Myriapods - centipedes Arachnids - spiders Molluscs - snails Anelids - earthworms ```

Question 42

What does an Annelid have?

Answer 42

Long bodies divided into rings e.g. Earthworm

Question 43

Name the different Vertebrates and a quality they have?

Answer 43

``` Mammals (hair) Birds (feathers) Fish (loose wet scales) Reptiles (dry scales) Amphibia (smooth moist skin) ```

Question 44

What do mammals and birds have in common?

Answer 44

Constant warm body temperature

Question 45

How do the young of mammals develop differently to other species?

Answer 45

The young mammals develop inside the mother whilst the other groups lay eggs

Question 46

What is extra cellular digestion?

Answer 46

Secreting digestive enzymes on to material then absorbing soluble products of digestion