Human Organs And Hormones

Question 1

Receptor

Answer 1

Structure specialized to detect a stimulus

Question 2

Receptor Potential

Answer 2

Local Potential in a receptor cell from a stimulus

Question 3

Receptors Properties Transmit 4 Types

Answer 3

Modality (vision , taste, pain)… Location… Intensity.. duration

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

Respond to chemicals

Question 5

Thermoreceptors

Answer 5

Heat and cold

Question 6

Mechano receptors

Answer 6

respond to physical deformation

Question 7

Photoreceptors

Answer 7

respond to light

Question 8

interoceptors

Answer 8

detect stimuli in internal organs

Question 9

Proprioceptors

Answer 9

Sense position and movement of body or its parts (muscles, tendons, and joints)

Question 10

Exteroceptors

Answer 10

sense external stimuli (vision, touch)

Question 11

General Senses

Answer 11

receptors are widely distributed

Question 12

Special Senses

Answer 12

Receptors are limited to the head

Question 13

Unecapsulated Nerve Endings

Answer 13

Dendrites aren’t wrapped in connective tissue

Question 14

Olfactory Mucosa

Answer 14

Patch of epithelium in roof of the nasal cavity with olfactory cells

Question 15

Auricle (pinna)

Answer 15

Funnel to catch sound waves

Question 16

Auditory Canal

Answer 16

Tunnel to eardrum

Question 17

Typanic membrane

Answer 17

Eardrum vibrates in response to sound

Question 18

Auditory (Eustachian) tube

Answer 18

Equalizes pressure

Question 19

Type A nociceptors

Answer 19

Fast pain, sharp, localized pain at time of injury

Question 20

Type C nociceptros

Answer 20

slow pain, dull, diffuse, longer lasting

Question 21

Endogenous Opioids

Answer 21

Endorphins, enkaphalins, and dynorphins

Question 22

Hydrophilic molecules

Answer 22

diffuse through mucus

Question 23

Hydrophobic molecules

Answer 23

must be transported by a protein

Question 24

Static Equilibrium

Answer 24

Perception of the orientation of the head when body is

stationary

Question 25

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 25

Perception of motion or acceleration

Question 26

Vestibule

Answer 26

Contains organs of equilibrium

Question 27

Endocrine gland

Answer 27

Secrete Hormones

Question 28

Endocrine cells

Answer 28

cells in organs that secrete hormones

Question 29

Neuroendocrine cells

Answer 29

Neurons that release their secretions into the blood

Question 30

Target cells

Answer 30

cells that have receptors for a hormone

Question 31

Hypothalamus regulates

Answer 31

regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 32

Hypothalmus Produces

Answer 32

9 hormones; 7 anterior and 2 posterior

Question 33

Serotonin

Answer 33

(day) mood

Question 34

Melatonin

Answer 34

(night) mood

Question 35

Thymosin

Answer 35

regulates development and activation of T lymphocytes

Question 36

Thymopoietin

Answer 36

Regulates development and activation of T lymphocytes

Question 37

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 37

follicles increases metabolic rate

Question 38

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 38

follicles increases metabolic rate

Question 39

calcitonin

Answer 39

parafoillicular cells lowers blood calcium levels and stimulates bone deposition

Question 40

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 40

increases blood calcium levels

Question 41

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 41

supplement effects of sympathetic nervous system

Question 42

Mineralcoritcoids

Answer 42

control electrolyte balance

Question 43

Aldosterone

Answer 43

Promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion

Question 44

Cortisol

Answer 44

stimulates fat and protein catabolism

Question 45

sex sterioids

Answer 45

weak androgens and estrogens

Question 46

Dehydroeppiandrosterone (DHEA)

Answer 46

Other tissues convert it to testosterone

Question 47

insulin (beta cells)

Answer 47

stimulates uptake of glucose and amino acids by cells and synthesis of glycogen, proteins,...

Question 48

Glucagon (alpha cells)

Answer 48

in the liver it stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and release of glucose into the...

Question 49

Estradiol

Answer 49

reproductive development

Question 50

Progesterone

Answer 50

regulates menstrual cycle and pregancy

Question 51

Inhibin

Answer 51

inhibits secretion of FSH

Question 52

Steroid Hormone

Answer 52

hydrophobic, derived from cholestoral

Question 53

Peptides Oligopeptides

Answer 53

3-10 a.a.

Question 54

Peptides Polypeptides

Answer 54

14-199 a.a.

Question 55

Hydrophobic hormone

Answer 55

must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins to travel into the blood

Question 56

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 56

dissociate from transport protein, diffuse into cell, t4 is converted to t3

Question 57

Ribosomes

Answer 57

Increase rate or protein synthesis

Question 58

Synergistic effects

Answer 58

2 hormones work together to produce an efffect

Question 59

Permissive effects

Answer 59

one hormone enhances a target cells response to another

Question 60

Antagonistic effects

Answer 60

one hormone opposes the action of another

Question 61

Acromegaly

Answer 61

hypersecretion of GH causes thickening of bones and soft tissues

Question 62

Pituitary Dwarfisme

Answer 62

hyposecretion of GH

Question 63

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 63

hyposecretion of ADH

Question 64

Hypothyroidism

Answer 64

low metabolic rate, sluggishness, weight gain

Question 65

Endemic goiter

Answer 65

swelling of thyroid from iodine deficency

Question 66

Toxic goiter (graves disease)

Answer 66

antibodies mimic TSH causing hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Question 67

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 67

rapid decline in blood calcium leading to tetany

Question 68

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 68

bones become soft and fragile