1. )connects epithelial cells to rest of the body 2. ) specialized top part

1. ) basement membrane 2. ) apical surface

1. ) the "oil glands"/ holocrine 2. ) the sudoriferous glands/ eccrine

1. ) sebaceous gland 2. ) sweat gland

Describe; 1. ) spongy bone 2. ) compact bone

1. ) trabeculae, diffusion, middle of diaphysis. 2. ) osteons, central canal blood, walls of diaphysis.

Tissues Flashcards by don barrett

the study of tissues?

histology

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what are the three shapes of the epithelium and what are their functions?

shapes= columnar, cuboidal, and columnar
functions= absorption and secretion

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)connects epithelial cells to rest of the body

2. ) specialized top part

) basement membrane

2. ) apical surface

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what are the functions of the different connective tissues?

loose= separate skin and muscle; padding
dense= tendons and ligaments, muscle to bone, and bone to bone

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what is the most common type of cartilage? does it have a blood supply?

hyaline cartilage; no blood supply

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what type of membrane is skin?

cutaneous membrane

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what are the three functions of the skin?

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Can Lucy Grow Spanish Basil?

note: part of the epidermis

Can= stratum corneum: tough, tightly packed dead cells.
Lucy= stratum lucidum
Grow= stratum granulosum
Spanish= stratum spinosum
Basil= stratum basale: base or bottom layer; cells grow and divide

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)a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, responsible for the production of melanin.
) yellow-brown pigment produced by melanocytes

)melanocytes

2. ) melanin

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characteristics of:
1st degree burn
2nd degree burn
3rd degree burn

1st = superficial burn; epidermis intact and function properly
2nd= partial-thickness burn; damage in dermis; most painful; blisters
3rd= full-thickness burn; both dermis and epidermis are destroyed; no pain; prone to infection

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) the “oil glands”/ holocrine

2. ) the sudoriferous glands/ eccrine

) sebaceous gland

2. ) sweat gland

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more _____ = darker skin

melanin

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what are the functions of the skeletal system?

support
protection
storage
blood cell production

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what are the 3 components of the AXIAL skeleton?

skull and associated bones
thoracic cage
vertebral column

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what are the 4 steps of bone healing?

) hematoma (osteoblasts and clasts go to work)
) cartilaginous callus (fibrocartilage; fills gap in parts)
) bony callus (replaces fibrocartilage)
) bone remodeling (osteoclasts remove excess bone)

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what are the 6 types of synovial joints?

) ball-and-socket
) condyloid (ellipsoid)
) gliding
) hinge
) pivot
) saddle

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Describe;

) spongy bone
) compact bone

) trabeculae, diffusion, middle of diaphysis.

2. ) osteons, central canal blood, walls of diaphysis.

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what are the three types of bones?

)Long bones- examples: femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals
)Short bones- examples: bones of the wrist
)Flat bones- examples: sternum

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what are the functions of the muscular system?

produce movement
produce heat
maintain body posture

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what is responsible for a muscle contraction?

(Ach) neurotransmitter

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what are the steps of muscle contraction?

ACh,calcium, troponin, tropomyosin, actin, myosin.

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sarcolemma= ?
sarcoplasmic reticulum= ?
sarcoplasm= ?

cell membrane
membranous channels that store Ca++
cytoplasm

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what role does adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and Creatine phosphate (CP) play?

ATP= energy for muscle contraction; muscle relaxation
CP= stores energy that can be used to synthesize ATP

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a given stimulus either triggers a typical action potential, or it does not produce one at all.

all-or-none response

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what are the methods of naming muscles?

- their shape - # of heads - location - attachment - size - orientation of muscle fibers - relative position of muscle - function

Describe Epithelial tissue

forms sheets at surfaces and makes up coverings and linings at free surfaces

mucous membranes

wet lining, in your body cavity

serous membranes

wet lining, in your blood vessels, heart

Epithelia are classified by what?

the number of layers present in the sheet ---> simple or stratified and based upon shape of the cells in the sheet ---> squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Epithelial

covers surfaces

Simple Squamous Epithelium

single layer, flattened cells. found in linings of heart, air sacs of lungs

Simple Cubodial Epithelium

single layer, cubelike cells. found in kidney tubules, ovary surface

Simple Columnar Epithelium

single layer, tall cells, some have cilia. found in gallbladder, digestive tract

How are the cells in epithelia nourished?

by diffusion from vessels in the underlying tissues

fibroblasts

cells ---> secrete other components

connective tissue

scattered cells surrounded by gel containing fibers

describe the gel matrix of the connective tissue

scaffolding, "jello"-like

describe the fibers found in the gel matrix of connective tissue; further, identify the major fiber types

collagen - white, elastic fibers - yellow

How can connective tissue be altered?

by changing the amount and types of gels and fibers present

Describe the nature and general location of loose (areolar) connective tissue.

liquid gel, few fibers, is like glue that glues everything in the body together, keeps skin on you when cut open

Is there C.T. in brain?

Describe the nature of dense connective tissue and list some examples of its locations.

lots of fibers, gels are packed with fibers(mostly collagen), locations tendons and bones and muscle

Cartilage

like bones but no minerals

Bones Osseous tissue

gels are mineralized --> calcium phosphate, calcium etc.---> these minerals form salt crystals which make the gels hard. Bones have a lot of fibers.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

single layer, differing heights, nuclei seem at different levels. found in ducts of lg glands.

Stratified squamous epithelium

several layers, flattened surface cells. found in esophagus, mouth, vagina.

Transitional epithelium

stratified squamous + stratified cuboidal. found in ureters, bladder.

Areolar connective tissue

cushions & protects. found in skin, surrounds blood vessels.

Adipose connective tissue

insulation for body. found under skin, in abdomen.

Dense regular connective tissue

found in tendons, ligaments.

Hyaline cartilage

found in ends of long bones, trachea.

Elastic cartilage

found in external ear

Fibrocartilage

found in intervertebral discs.

WHAT IS CELLULARITY?

membrane similarity

AVASCULAR?

no direct blood supply

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

holds things together; diffusion

3 TYPES OF FIBERS

collogen, elastic, reticular

Fat tissue

Adipose

Hemopoietic

a blood-like connective tissue

Matrix

The intercellular substance of a tissue