Human Respiratory system

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

Question 2

List four examples of homeostasis in the body

Answer 2

Body temperature (37.5 degrees)
Blood pH 7.4 (lungs and kidneys)
Regulate glucose levels (pancreas)
Prevent toxic build up (liver/kidneys)

Question 3

How does homeostasis depend on the rapid exchange of materials?

Answer 3

via. diffusion/ osmosis

Question 4

Name 3 ways rapid exchange is ensured in homeostasis

Answer 4

1. organisms/ structures can be flattened
2. Thin - short distance for diffusion
3. Large surface area for increased diffusion

Question 5

What is an endothermic organism?

Answer 5

An animal that maintains body temperature independent of external environment

Question 6

What is an exothermic/ ectothermic organism?

Answer 6

An animal who’s body temperature varies with external environment (e.g. lizards/ snakes)

Question 7

Where is the human respiratory system located?

Answer 7

Thoracic region

Question 8

What structural roll has the diaphragm

Answer 8

Forms floor

Question 9

What protects the lungs?

Answer 9

Ribs and intercostal muscles

Question 10

Where does air enter the body?

Answer 10

Through the nose and mouth

Question 11

How does the nose filter air?

Answer 11

Nose contains small hairs called cilia and mucous which filter and warm air

Question 12

Where is the pharynx found?

Answer 12

Where pipe from nose meets mouth where epiglottis is

Question 13

What is the larynx also known as?

Answer 13

The voice box

Question 14

What is the function of the larynx

Answer 14

Cartilage to produce sound

Question 15

Where is the larynx located?

Answer 15

Top of trachea

Question 16

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 16

Windpipe that carries air from nose/ mouth to bronchus

Question 17

How is the trachea held open?

Answer 17

Held open by c-shaped rings of cartilage (prevents collapse)

Question 18

When the trachea splits into two windpipes it becomes … ?

Answer 18

Bronchus

Question 19

What is the purpose of bronchus?

Answer 19

Carry air to left/ right lung

Question 20

How are the bronchus held open?

Answer 20

Held open by c-shaped rings of cartilage (mucous and cilia)

Question 21

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 21

Air sacs for gas exchange

Question 22

What is the function of bronchiole?

Answer 22

Tiny pipes within the lungs carrying air from bronchus to alveoli (contain mucous)

Question 23

How are alveoli adapted to their function?

Answer 23

1. Thin walled for rapid diffusion
2. Excellent blood supply for movement of gases
3. Large surface area for diffusion
4. Moist to aid diffusion

Question 24

What are the lungs enclosed by?

Answer 24

Pleural membranes and pleural fluid (allow friction free movement)

Question 25

How many breaths on average do we take per minute?

Answer 25

12-15 (involuntary process)

Question 26

What part of the brain controls inhalation?

Answer 26

Medulla Oblongata

Question 27

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 27

Ribs up and out Diaphragm down Boyles law - Volume increased, pressure in lungs decreased (lower than atmosphere so air rushes in and fills the lungs)

Question 28

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 28

Ribs move down and in (due to intercostal muscles relaxing) Diaphragm moves up (resting state) Boyles law - Volume decreases, pressure increases (pressure in lungs higher than atmosphere so air pushed out)

Question 29

What is oxyhaemoglobin made up of?

Answer 29

Haemoglobin and oxygen

Question 30

How is oxygen transported?

Answer 30

In red blood cells

Question 31

How is carbon dioxide transported?

Answer 31

In the plasma as a bicarbonate ion

Question 32

What is carbonic acid made up of?

Answer 32

CO2 diffused with water

Question 33

How is water vapour transported?

Answer 33

In plasma

Question 34

What is the importance of homeostasis in the respiratory system?

Answer 34

Allows normal metabolic activity and keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions.

Question 35

What gas is the driver of breathing?

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide

Question 36

Where are chemoreceptors located?

Answer 36

In the walls of the aorta artery and carotid (artery to brain) artery

Question 37

What activates chemoreceptors to medulla oblongata?

Answer 37

Low pH or acidic blood

Question 38

What increases breathing rate and CO2 levels?

Answer 38

Exercise

Question 39

How does the body know to increase it's breathing rate?

Answer 39

Medulla oblongata sends signals to the intercostal muscles to increase breathing rate and CO2 is blown out.

Question 40

What are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer 40

Shortness of breath, wheezing breathing

Question 41

What are the causes of asthma?

Answer 41

Allergens trigger response e.g. pollen, dust, Bronchiole narrow

Question 42

How can asthma be prevented

Answer 42

Avoid exposure to allergens Preventative inhalers

Question 43

What is the treatment for asthma?

Answer 43

Bronchodilators, Steroid inhalers