Human Security Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the ‘conflict trap’ according to Collier (2003)?
Civil war destroys institutions and creates war economies, making countries highly prone to recurring violence. (Collier, 2003)
What determines civil war risk in Collier’s framework?
Poverty, stagnation, and resource dependence—more than identity or governance—drive conflict risk, especially in ‘conflict-trap’ states. (Collier, 2003)
How can media contribute to conflict in vulnerable societies?
Through state control, poor legal protections, and inflammatory content like fear, grievance, and dehumanisation. (Frohardt & Temin, 2003)
What media reforms do Frohardt & Temin recommend?
Support pluralistic, professional media via early interventions, training, and storytelling that fosters peace. (Frohardt & Temin, 2003)
What are the three types of peace agreements identified by Harbom et al.?
Full (conflict resolved), Partial (e.g., ceasefire), and Peace Process (framework for negotiation). (Harbom et al., 2006)
What is a key limitation of peace agreements?
Most start peacebuilding but fail to resolve conflict due to vagueness and incomplete implementation. (Harbom et al., 2006)
What are the five types of peace operations described by Durch & Berkman?
UN-led, UN-mandated regional, recognised-but-not-mandated, regionally authorised, and independent operations. (Durch & Berkman, 2006)
What challenges do peacekeeping missions face today?
They suffer from funding gaps, troop shortages, slow deployment, and poor coordination—especially in Africa. (Durch & Berkman, 2006)
What forms of insecurity persisted in post-CPA Equatoria?
Cattle raiding, land disputes, SPLA abuses, LRA spillovers, and localised violence due to weak governance. (Schomerus, 2008)
What holistic solutions does Schomerus propose?
Stronger policing, land reform, full disarmament, and local trust-building to stabilise post-conflict Equatoria. (Schomerus, 2008)
Why do Englebert & Tull criticise Western state-building in Africa?
They impose ill-fitting institutions, ignore elite incentives, and overestimate their own capacity. (Englebert & Tull, 2008)
What alternative approach do they propose?
Support indigenous institutions, use bottom-up strategies, and reduce foreign aid dependency. (Englebert & Tull, 2008)
What is Ottaway’s key argument about rebuilding collapsed states?
Power must precede institutions—externally imposed institutions fail without local legitimacy. (Ottaway, 2002)
What does Ottaway recommend for more effective reconstruction?
Realistic sequencing, context-aware strategies, and long-term commitment tailored to local power dynamics. (Ottaway, 2002)
What factors most effectively reduce post-conflict relapse?
Economic growth and strong UN peacekeeping, not early political reforms or elections alone. (Collier et al., 2006)
What is the risk difference between political-only and comprehensive support?
Politics alone = 75.4% relapse risk; adding economic + military support drops risk to 36.7%. (Collier et al., 2006)
