Human Systems Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
Supports the body, enables movement, protects organs, produces blood cells, and serves as an anchor point for muscles.
What are the major structures of the skeletal system? (4)
Bones, cartilage (fibrous connections), ligaments (bone to bone), and bone marrow (site of erythropoiesis—red blood cell production).
What are bones primarily made of, and how does the body regulate calcium?
: Bones are made of calcium; when the body needs calcium, bones are broken down and regrown.
Why are babies’ skulls softer than adult skulls?
Babies have softer, more flexible skulls to allow for growth and movement during birth.
What are the three main functions of the muscular system?
Produces movement, helps maintain body temperature, and generates heat.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle (voluntary control, attached to bones)
Smooth muscle (involuntary, found in organs)
Cardiac muscle (involuntary, found in the heart)
How does muscle contraction help regulate body temperature?
Muscle contraction generates heat, such as through shivering, which is metabolically taxing.
What do tendons connect?
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
What are the two main functions of the nervous system?
Detects and processes sensory information and activates motor responses (controls skeletal muscles).
What are the major structures of the nervous system? (3)
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord (does not regenerate).
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes peripheral nerves (can regenerate).
What are the main functions of the integumentary system? (5)
Encloses internal structures, houses sensory receptors, maintains temperature, first line of defense, excretion.
What are the major structures of the integumentary system? (3)
Skin, hair, nails.
What are the main functions of the endocrine system? (2)
Secretes hormones and regulates body processes.
What are the major structures of the endocrine system? (6)
Pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid/parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes.
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system? (4)
Equalizes body temperature, facilitates gas exchange for tissues, transports nutrients and hormones
What are the major structures of the cardiovascular system? (3)
Heart, arteries (carry blood away from the heart), veins (carry blood toward the heart).
What are the main functions of the respiratory system? (2)
Removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to the blood.
What are the major structures of the respiratory system? (4)
Nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, pharynx.
What are the main functions of the digestive system? (3)
Absorbs nutrients, removes waste from undigested food, and excretes solid waste.
What are the major structures of the digestive system? (8)
Teeth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestines, salivary glands.
Where does digestion start?
In the mouth.
What is a fun way to describe the digestive tract?
One long tube from mouth to ass🍑
What are the main functions of the reproductive system? (4)
Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryos, produces milk for infants.
