Humanistic Approach

Question 1

focus of humanistic approach

Answer 1

study of the whole individual and their human experiences, uniqueness, freedom and choice

Question 2

what does the humanistic approach claim about our behaviour?

Answer 2

we are self determining and have free will, able to determine our own development

Question 3

why is the humanistic approach person centred?

Answer 3

it believes we should focus on individuals’ subjecting experiences rather than trying to establish general lawas through scientific models

Question 4

what constrains free will?

Answer 4

morals, laws, familyt values and others’ needs

Question 5

self-actualisation

Answer 5

achieving our full potential

Question 6

what did Maslow say we our behaviour is motivated by?

Answer 6

desire to satisfy needs beyond basic biological survival and reach our full potential in self-actualisation

Question 7

what is the requirement of MAslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 7

each need must be fulfilled before you can move to a higher need

Question 8

deficiency needs

Answer 8

lower needs in Maslow’s hierarchy that must be met before a person can reach self-actualisation

Question 9

list the needs in Maslow’s hierarchy in order frombottom to top

Answer 9

• physiological needs
• safety needs
• love and belonging needs
• esteem needs
• self actualisation

Question 10

what is personal growth?

Answer 10

developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled, satisfied and goal-orientated

Question 10

what can occur once self-actualisation has been reached?

Answer 10

personal growth

Question 11

what did Maslow recognise about his hierarchy and the consequence of this?

Answer 11

not everyone can manage to progress through it and physiological barriers may prevent them reaching the top - they simply won’t achieve self-actualisation

Question 12

what is the self?

Answer 12

an individual’s consciousness in relation to their own identity

Question 13

what did Carl Rogers believe we are motivated by?

Answer 13

the desire to move towards self-improvement and achieve their ideal self

Question 14

2 basic needs according to Rogers

Answer 14

• unconditional +ve regard
• strong self-worth

Question 15

unconditional positive regard

Answer 15

others see you in a positive light no matter the situation

Question 16

what happens if we feel we have conditional positive regard?

Answer 16

we develop conditions of worth

Question 17

consequences of unconditional positive regard

Answer 17

boost self-esteem, self belief and ability to form stable, trusting relationships

Question 18

conditions of worth

Answer 18

coditions a personal believes their SOs put upon them which they must meet to gain their approval

Question 19

when and how does self worth develop?

Answer 19

• develops in chilhood
• formed from interactions with parents
• further interactions with SOs influence self-worth

Question 20

what did Rogers believe we must have for personal growth to occur?

Answer 20

congruence

Question 21

congruence and consequence

Answer 21

whn our ideal self and self image overlap and agree - healthy sense of well being

Question 22

incongruence and consequence

Answer 22

• too big a gap b/w self image and ideal self
• causes negative feels of self worth and self-actualisation isn’t possible

Question 23

client-centred therapy aim and proedure

Answer 23

• lessen incongruence and bring about congruence and help people cope with problems of everyday living
• client encouraged to develop positive self regard and overcome mismatch b/w perceived self, true self and ideal self

Question 24

gestalt therapy

Answer 24

aim to help client become a whole person by accepting every aspect of themselves`

Question 25

techniques used in Gestalt therapy

Answer 25

• confontation with sensitivity and empathy
• dream analysis
• role playing

Question 26

origin of Q sort

Answer 26

developed by Stephenson and adapted into client centred therapy by Rogers

Question 27

Q sort

Answer 27

• measures congruence by having pateint sort a series of cards with personal statements ofn them, into a forced distributiion under 2 conditions
• describe “real self”
• describe “ideal self”

Question 28

evaluation of humanistic approach phrase

Answer 28

Reduce Harter’s credible determinism to vague cultures

Question 29

is the humanistic approach reductionist or holistic

Answer 29

holistic

Question 30

what did Harter et al. find?

Answer 30

teens who feel they have to fulfil specific conditions to gain parents’ approval often end up not liking themselves nad are more likely to beo=come depressed

Question 31

why does the humanistic approach lack credibility?

Answer 31

• has little impact within psychology
• may be bc lacks sound evidence-base
• been described as a losse set of abstrat concepts rather than a comprehensive theory

Question 32

why is the humanistic approach ot deterministic?

Answer 32

• supports free will
• idiographic, so may be better way of viewing human behaviour as looks at individuals and does not overlook individual experiences

Question 33

what makes the humanistic approach untestable?

Answer 33

• includes vague and abstract ideas that are hard to test experimentally
• self-actualisation and congruence can’t be tested experimentally

Question 34

why is the humanistic approach culturally biased?

Answer 34

• many central ideas (e.g…) more associated with individualistic, western cultures
• collectivist cultures emphasis group needs, community and interdepence so may not identify with humanistic values/ideals
• app. product of cultural context developed in and may not extend to other cultures

Question 35

why is the humanistic approach unrealistic?

Answer 35

• claim people inherently good and goal-orientated
• ignores that people can be pessimisic nd self-destructive
• oversimplification to assume problems arise when people cannot self-actualise