Humanistic Psych 233 2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Internal Contingency
Inside of the individual, more control. More Adaptive.
External Contingency
Outside of the individual, less control.
More likely to abuse alcohol, depressed, eating disorders.
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs: Air Water Food Shelter Sleep Sex (Deficiency Based Motives)
Safety and Security (Deficiency Based Motives)
Love and Belongingness
Self Esteem: can get stuck here because conditions of worth. More about obligation.
Self Actualization: Vitality, Creativity, Self Sufficiency, Authenticity, Playfulness, Meaningfulness.
Characteristics of Self Actualizers
Efficient in their perception of reality
Mental Spontaneity: expression to different things.
Form deep ties, but only with a few persons. Higher need for intimacy, Lower need for affiliation.
Psychological Reactance
A motive to regain or reassert a freedom that has been threatened. “Don’t tell me what to do”
If our right to act in the way we want it jeapordized, we may bend over backwards to reassert our freedom.
Power tripping: react against message even if they believe it initially. People dont like being told how they feel and what they like.
Self Discrepancy Theory
Extent to which our self esteem is affected by the match and mismatch of how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves.
3 columns:
traits we see in our actual selves + traits we feel we ought to possess + traits we want to ideally possess
Discrepancies between ACTUAL and IDEAL lead to sadness and disappointment
Discrepancies between ACTUAL and OUGHT lead to anxiety, guilt, and shame
Peak Experiences
Subjective experience of intense self actualization
Ongoing, a way to live.
Can “stretch” you as a human being
Can occur more passively
Key ingredient: immersion
Flow
Experience of being completely immersed in an activity
Prerequisites: optimal level of challenge (too little: boredom, too much: anxiety)
Clear Goals
Unambiguous Feedback
Concentration on Task at Hand
Measuring Flow?
Qualitative Methods : in depth interviews
Experience Sampling :
Client Centered Therapy
Therapy that seeks to remove conditions of worth and has clients examine their feelings and take personal responsibility for their improvement.
Self-Determination Theory
Emphasizes 3 needs as essential to well being:
Autonomy
Relatedness: being connected with others and unconditional regard
Competence
They are Psychological and Universal
Autonomy
The need to be the perceived origin or source of one own behavior. Want to feel self determined in our actions.
Do we feel a sense of choice in our actions?
NOT divorced from dependence
Locus of Control
The extent to which and individual feels autonomous greatly influences motivation.
Where does the person PLACE their control?
Internal vs. External
Higher levels = more internal
Intrinsic Motivation
Behaviors that are performed out of interest or enjoyment.
Domain Specific
3 Contingencies for Intrinsic Motivation
1.IM cannot occur if an individual does not feel autonomous
2.IM does NOT depend on reinforcements
3.IM will decrease or become over justified with external rewards
Positive Feedback can enhance IM compared to those who do not receive feedback.
Controlling vs Informational Aspect
Over Justification Effect : video game streaming
Extrinsic Motivation
Broad array of behaviors having in common the fact that activities are engaged in not for reasons inherent in them but for instrumental reasons
Continuum :
External Regulation : External
Introjection : Somewhat External
Identified : Somewhat Internal
Integrated : Internal
