humaniteis Flashcards
(20 cards)
What marked the beginning of British colonisation in Australia?
The arrival of the First Fleet in 1788
The First Fleet established a penal colony at Botany Bay.
What is the doctrine of terra nullius?
A legal fiction that the land belonged to no one
It was used to justify taking First Nations land, disregarding existing rights.
What does ‘guerrilla warfare’ involve?
Fast-moving, unpredictable, small-scale actions including ambushes, sabotage and raids.
What was the Appin Massacre?
The mass murder of Aboriginal men, women and children
Orders were given by Lachlan Macquarie to achieve Aboriginal surrender.
What is federation?
The joining together of groups (e.g. colonies) to form a larger body while maintaining some independence.
When did Australia become a Commonwealth?
1st January 1901.
What is one benefit of federating?
Free trade
Each colony had its own taxes making trade more expensive.
What was one reason for the Defence benefit of federation?
Every colony had its own army and people were worried Australia would get attacked.
What did the White Australia Policy aim to do?
Prevent non-white migrants from moving to Australia.
Fill in the blank: The aims of the White Australia Policy included restricting the rights of current non-white residents and _______.
Removing non-white residents.
What significant event took place on the 25th of April, 1915?
ANZACS landed on what is now called ANZAC Cove.
When were allied forces ordered to withdraw from Gallipoli?
In December of 1915.
What made the Gallipoli campaign particularly challenging?
The Turkish had the higher ground.
What type of warfare characterized the Western Front?
Trench warfare.
What were the conditions like in trench warfare?
Extremely harsh and challenging.
What role did women play during WWI?
Nurses in wartime.
What was a key aspect of the conscription debate?
Plebiscites.
What was a long-term cause of WWI?
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
What was a short-term cause of WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What modern technology was used in WWI?
Machine guns, tanks, and airplanes.
