humoral immunity

Question 1

what cytokines activate resting t helper cells and where did they come from?

Answer 1

apc = IL1

resting T = IL2

Question 2

what cytokines activate B cells and where did they come from?

Answer 2

Th = IL4
APC = IL1

Question 3

what cytokines involved in division of B cells? where did they come from?

Answer 3

all from Th

IL2,4,5

Question 4

what cytokines involved in differentiation of B cells? where did they come from?

Answer 4

all from Th
IL4,6,10
IFN gamma

Question 5

what cytokine involved in all of steps of B cell?

Answer 5

IL4

Question 6

structure of Abs

Answer 6

1 heavy chains Fab
2 light chains Fc
linked by disulfide bridge

Question 7

how many Ag binding sites does 1 Ab have?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

what differs between Abs?

Answer 8

N terminus

Question 9

what is constant between Abs?

Answer 9

C terminus

Question 10

what’s the major Ig in serum?

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

what is the structure of IgG?

Answer 11

monomeric

Question 12

what is the major Ig in 2ndry immune response?

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

where is IgG found?

Answer 13

intra and extravascular fluid

Question 14

what is the predominant antitoxin antibody?

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

what’s the only Ig that can cross the placenta?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

what’s the structure of IgM

Answer 16

pentamer = 2 H and 2 L

Question 17

what makes up 10-20% of serum?

Answer 17

IgM and IgA

Question 18

what’s found mostly in intravascular fluids?

Answer 18

IgM

Question 19

what’s the main Ig in primary antibody responses?

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

what’s responsible for immune responses to complex microbes?

Answer 20

IgM

Question 21

what’s the structure of IgA

Answer 21

Monomer in serum, dimer in secretions

Question 22

what is the secretory Ig?

Answer 22

A

Question 23

IgA is a major Ig in what?

Answer 23

seromucous secretions:
breast milk
saliva
colostrum
bronchial 
genitourinary secretions

Question 24

what is found in trace levels in the serum?

Answer 24

IgD and IgE

Question 25

what's found in large quantities on B cell surface?

Answer 25

IgD

Question 26

what's responsible for Ag triggered differentiation of B cells?

Answer 26

IgD

Question 27

what's found in high levels in allergies?

Answer 27

igE

Question 28

what's present on basophils and mast cells?

Answer 28

igE

Question 29

what has an immunity to worms?

Answer 29

igE

Question 30

what induces allergies like asthma?

Answer 30

igE

Question 31

Fc region is for binding to what?

Answer 31

phagocytes and NK cells

Question 32

direct effects of Abs

Answer 32

neutralize toxins prevent entry of viruses and bacteria agglutination of bacteria

Question 33

indirect effects of Abs

Answer 33

activate complements opsonization degranulation of mast cells

Question 34

4 stages of Ab repsonse

Answer 34

lag log plateau declinw

Question 35

lag

Answer 35

no Ab in serum but its starting to make them

Question 36

log

Answer 36

ab starting to increase

Question 37

plateau

Answer 37

steady level of Ab | peak = 14 days

Question 38

decline

Answer 38

ab starting to decrease

Question 39

what comes first igm or igg?

Answer 39

igm

Question 40

what increases greatly in the secondary response?

Answer 40

igg

Question 41

what makes up 10% of serum proteins?

Answer 41

complement

Question 42

how are complements activated? (2 ways)

Answer 42

``` classical = ab bound to ag alternative = directly by various microbes ```