Hums industrial revolution Flashcards
(25 cards)
What was the industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.
What types of factories did people work in during the above revolution?
Low Moor Ironworks, Slater Mill, Cotton Mills, Lowell Mills, and Iron Works
Why would people struggle to work in these factories
Poor working conditions, Low wages, Child labor, Unsafe working conditions and Lack of worker rights
What kind of working conditions did people have in these factories
Long hours, Unsafe machinery, Poor ventilation, Lack of sanitation, Low wages and Child labor
What type of working conditions did mine workers have
Dangerous environment, Long hours, Low wages, Lack of safety measures, child labor and Lack of medical care.
What was the problem with the houses factory workers lived in
Overcrowding, Poor construction, Lack of sanitation, Unsafe living conditions and Exploitative rent charges.
What is meant by a penal colony
A penal colony is a settlement or territory used to exile or imprison individuals who have committed crimes, typically far away from the main population centers. These colonies were often established by colonial powers as a form of punishment and to remove criminals from society.
What is a convict
A convict is a person who has been found guilty of a crime by a court of law and has been sentenced to serve time in prison or another form of punishment as a result.
What did Britain do with convicts before they were able to transport them to Australia?
Before Britain began transporting convicts to Australia, they typically imprisoned them in overcrowded and unsanitary gaols (jails) or workhouses.
Why were British convicts sent to Australia
British convicts were sent to Australia as a form of punishment and to relieve overcrowding in prisons in Britain.
What types of crimes did British convicts have to commit to be sent to Australia?
theft, assault, robbery, forgery, and other offenses against property or the Crown.
Why did British people think Australia was ‘terra nullius Why did British people think Australia was ‘terra nullius’
The British people believed that Australia was “terra nullius,” or land belonging to no one, because they did not recognize the indigenous Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the rightful owners or occupants of the land. This belief allowed them to claim ownership of Australia and establish colonies without acknowledging the rights of the indigenous peoples.
What does ‘terra nullius’ mean
Terra nullius” means “land belonging to no one” or “uninhabited land”
What did British people think of Indigenous Australians when they arrived here?
British settlers viewed Indigenous Australians as primitive, uncivilized, and inferior to Europeans.
How were Indigenous Australians treated when the British arrived short answer
Indigenous Australians were subjected to violence, dispossession of land, forced removal from their traditional lands, cultural assimilation, exploitation, and discrimination by the British settlers. They were often treated as inferior and were denied basic human rights and autonomy over their own lives and communities.
Why was Port Jackson a difficult area to create a colony
Port Jackson was a difficult area to create a colony because of its rugged terrain, lack of fertile soil, limited fresh water sources, and presence of hostile indigenous tribes.
How many Indigenous Australians died because of Europeans
It is estimated that between 20,000 and 100,000 Indigenous Australians died as a result of European colonization, through violence, disease, displacement, and other factors.
If a convict was misbehaving in Australia, what happened to them
If a convict was misbehaving in Australia, they could face punishments such as flogging, solitary confinement, chain gangs, or being sent to more harsh penal settlements.
If a convict was misbehaving in Australia, what happened to them
If a convict was misbehaving in Australia, they could face punishments such as flogging, solitary confinement, chain gangs, or being sent to more harsh penal settlements.
What were secondary places of punishment for convicts in Australia
Secondary places of punishment for convicts in Australia included chain gangs, iron gangs, road gangs, penal settlements, and remote outposts.
What were the prisoner’s living conditions in secondary places of punishment?
Prisoners in secondary places of punishment in Australia had harsh living conditions, including overcrowded and unsanitary living quarters, limited food rations, hard labor, and strict discipline
Why did they wear hoods at the Port Arthur convict settlement
Prisoners at the Port Arthur convict settlement in Tasmania were made to wear hoods to prevent communication among them and to maintain a sense of isolation and control. The hoods also added a sense of anonymity and dehumanization to the prisoners.
Why did some ex-convicts thrive in the new colonies
Some ex-convicts thrived in the new colonies because they were able to start anew, find employment opportunities, acquire land, and build successful lives without the stigma of their past criminal history. Additionally, the demand for labor in the colonies provided opportunities for ex-convicts to establish themselves and integrate into society.
Did the threat of hanging reduce the amount of crime? Why
The threat of hanging was believed to serve as a deterrent to crime in historical societies. The severe punishment of death by hanging was intended to instill fear in potential criminals and dissuade them from committing unlawful acts. This fear of harsh penalties was expected to reduce the incidence of crime as individuals sought to avoid the serious consequences associated with their actions.
