Hunger

Question 1

Steps in Digestion

Answer 1

1. Chewing
2. Swallowing
3. Absorption (Duodenum)
4. Emulsification (Bile)
5. Ejection

Question 2

Energy storage

Answer 2

1. Fats
2. Glycogen
3. Proteins

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Chemical changes by which energy is made available for an organisms use

Question 4

basal metabolism

Answer 4

Consumption of Energy by the basic sustaining functions

Question 5

Phases of Energy metabolism

Answer 5

Cephalic Phase, Absorptive Phase and Fasting Phase

Question 6

Cephalic Phase

Answer 6

Sight, Smell,Thought of Food. Insulin is released into bloodstream.

Question 7

Absorptive Phase

Answer 7

Energy is absorbed to meet bodies immediate energy needs

Question 8

Fasting Phase

Answer 8

All unstored energy from previous meal is used. Withdrawal of energy from reserves to meet energy requirements. (High levels of glucagon, low levels of insulin in blood )
- Release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and conversion to ketones

Question 9

Insulin

Answer 9

Pancreatic Hormone,
facilitates entry of glucose and amino acids into cell, conversion of glucose into glycogen,
transport of fat into adipose tissue

Question 10

Glucagon

Answer 10

Pancreatic Hormone that promotes conversion of liver glycogen into glucose

Question 11

Lesion in Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

Answer 11

Chronic hunger, exessive eating ( hyperphagia), massive weight gain

Question 12

Lesion in lateral hypothalamus (LH)

Answer 12

Chronic satiety, refusal to eat

Question 13

hypothalamic appetite network

Answer 13

-POMS neurons
-NPY neurons
Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus

Question 14

Leptin

Answer 14

Production in fat cells into bloodstream. Regulates bodys energy reserves in form of fat

Question 15

Ghrelin

Answer 15

Released from Stomach and Duodenum into bloodstream. Appetite stimulant

Question 16

PYY

Answer 16

In cells of Ileum and colon. Suppresses appetite

Question 17

CCK

Answer 17

In cells of duodenum. Suppresses appetite. direct action on vagus nerve

Question 18

Melanin Concentrating hormone

Answer 18

Production in lateral hypothalamus. Stimulates appetite

Question 19

Orexin

Answer 19

Production in lateral hypothalamus. Appetite stimulant

Question 20

Factors influencing WHAT we eat

Answer 20

• Learned taste preferences
• pattern of taste preferance is adaptive
• Learning to eat vitamins and minerals

Question 21

Factors influencing how much we eat

Answer 21

• Satiety signals
• Sham eating
• Appetizer effect
• Serving size
• Social influences
• Sensory specific satiety

Question 22

Set Point Assumption (glucostatic and Lipostatic)

Answer 22

hunger implies energy deficit 
Three mechanisms
1.Set point mechanism 
2. Detector mechanism
3. Effector mechanism

Question 23

Positive-incentive value

Answer 23

Anticipated pleasure of a behaviour–>

Not driven by internal energy deficit but anticipated pleasure of eating

Question 24

Settling points model of body weight

Answer 24

Weight drifts around natural settling point

Question 25

Thirst

Answer 25

``` Body contains of intracellular fluid (2/3) and extracellular fluid (1/3) -Intravascular -Interstitial -Cerebrospinal fluid ```

Question 26

Hypovolemic thirst

Answer 26

Volume of blood plasma decreases

Question 27

Osmometric thirst

Answer 27

When solute concentration of interstitial fluid increases (Osmosis)