Huntington's Disease

Question 1

Define: Chorea

Answer 1

Involuntary body movements

Question 2

Huntington’s disease involves progressive loss of striatal _________ neurons.

Answer 2

GABAergic inhibitory neurons

Question 3

Huntington’s results in overactivity of _____________ system.

Answer 3

Nigrostriatal dopamine system

Question 4

Define: dyskinesia

Answer 4

Loss of motor coordination

Question 5

Decreased levels of _____&_____ since these are co-transmitters with GABA in striatal neurons

Answer 5

Substance P

Enkephalins

Question 6

Define: athetosis

Answer 6

Slow writhing movements of the proximal limbs and trunk

Question 7

Trinucleotide repeat that defines Huntington’s

Answer 7

CAG

Question 8

MAO for Tetrabenazine, Reserpine

Answer 8

Block VMAT-Deplete amine transmitters in vesicles, especially dopamine from nerve terminals

Question 9

Typical antipsychotics block

Answer 9

D2 dopamine receptors

Question 10

A typical neuroleptic

Answer 10

Haloperidol

Question 11

3 atypical antipsychotics

Answer 11

Clozapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone

Question 12

Clozapine MOA

Answer 12

Moderate affinity for D2 receptors but more active at D4 receptors unlike other antipsychotics

Question 13

Clozapine also blocks 3 other receptors and agonizes 1

Answer 13

Serotonin
Alpha adrenergic receptors
Histamine receptors

Muscarinic M4 agonist-hypersalvation

Question 14

4 notable adverse effects of clozapine

Answer 14

Weight gain
Postural hypotension
Agranulocytosis
Sialorrhea (drooling)

Question 15

Action of trehalose

Answer 15

Reduces polyglutamine-mediated protein aggregation

Question 16

Clozapine has a high affinity for

Answer 16

Serotonin 5HT 2C receptors

Question 17

Clozapine is antagonistic at ___________ receptors subtypes and full agonist at ______ subtype.

Answer 17

Antagonistic: M1, M2, M3, M5
Agonistic: M4