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Ambers Physics 1 > Huygens Principle And Wave Interference > Flashcards

Huygens Principle And Wave Interference Flashcards

1
Q

A symmetric wave that describes the movement of something with time

A

Sine wave

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2
Q

A higher amplitude means either louder, stronger, more power OR quieter, weaker, less power ?

A

louder, stronger, more power

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3
Q

If waves are inverse to each other are they IN phase or OUT of phase

A

Out of phase

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4
Q

The point sources in which each individual wave is emitted from is called?

A

Huygens sources

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5
Q

The waves that are emitted from each source are called what?

A

Huygens wavelets

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6
Q

Wavelets diverge from the source but the rate in which divergence occurs depends on what?

A

The size of the source

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7
Q

A LARGER source has more or less divergence

A

Less

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8
Q

A SMALLER source has less or more divergence

A

More

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9
Q

The spreading of the beam as it travels away from the source is called

A

Divergence

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10
Q

When a beam with a planar wavefront passes through a small hole (aperture) what is this

A

Diffraction

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11
Q

Simply describe Huygens principle

A

Each point source creates its own sound wave/beam and that multiple wavelets together form a new wavefront

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12
Q

Is Huygens principle important in the design of probes

A

Yes

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13
Q

How is Huygens principle important in probe design

A

Multiple crystals are on the front of the transducer face, and each crystals sound beams form together to create the larger beam

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14
Q

When two or more waves interact this is called?

A

Interference

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15
Q

Adding the motion of one wave to another is classified as

A

Interference

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16
Q

What two categories are there for interference

A

Constructive

Destructive

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17
Q

When two waves are “in phase” the contributions of each wave results in an increase in amplitude and intensity. What type of interference is this

A

Constructive

18
Q

When two waves are “out of phase” and the contributions of each wave results in a decrease in amplitude and intensity what type of inter fence is this

A

Destructive

19
Q

Destructive interference causes an increase or decrease in amplitude and intensity

A

Decrease

20
Q

Constructive intensity results in an increase or decrease in intensity and amplitude

A

Increase

21
Q

Is is possible for waves to completely cancel each other out in destructive interference

A

Yes

22
Q

When two waves or neither “in phase” or “out of phase” what is created

A

Beat frequency is produced

23
Q

Beat frequency is how —— signals are detected in ultrasound

A

Doppler

24
Q

Uniformity of the beam intensity and amplification throughout the ultrasonic field is effected by what

A

Interference

25
Q

Changes in intensity can effect the ——of the beam

A

Sensitivity

26
Q

Interference is responsible for doing what to the beam

A

Interference gives the beam a shape and is responsible for the natural focusing of the beam

27
Q

The shape of the beam is important when considering the image ——

A

Resolution

28
Q

When two waves propagate in the same medium but in opposite directions what occurs

A

Standing waves

29
Q

When the two waves in standing waves are added together some parts of the amplitude is —— and other parts are ——

A

Zero and doubled

30
Q

In standing waves the minimum points of fluctuation that are points of low pressure are called

A

Nodes

31
Q

In standing waves points of maximum fluctuation and are points of high pressure are called

A

Anti-nodes

32
Q

Are standing waves able to give rise to areas of enhanced and decreased amplitudes

A

Yes

33
Q

Are nodes or anti nodes more intense/brighter

A

Anti nodes are more intense and brighter

Nodes are darker

34
Q

How are changes in acoustic variables represented visually

A

By a sine wave

35
Q

When two waves are equal in amplitude, and frequency and are 180 degrees out of phase with each other what happens

A

They completely cancel each other out

36
Q

What is the difference between diffraction and divergence

A

Diffraction - spreading of beams as it passes through a small opening

Divergence - spreading of beam as it travels

37
Q

What are the individual sources of sound found in a transducer array referring to when relating to Huygens principle

A

Huygens sources and the Huygens wavelets that come from the individual sources

38
Q

State Huygens principle

A

Each point source creates its sound wave/beam

A wave front is made up of individual point sources of sound

39
Q

Explain how a standing wave is produced

A

When two waves traveling in opposite directions interfere

40
Q

Nodes are located where on a standing wave

A

In the middle where waves intersect

41
Q

Where are antinodes located on a standing wave

A

On the troughs/crests of waves

42
Q

Explain the significance of a standing wave in relation to the potential effects that it can have on observed ultrasound images

A

Areas of nodes - result in areas of darkness on the screen (amplitude of zero)
Areas of antinodes - create areas of brightness (bigger amplitudes)

Ambers Physics 1 (7 decks)

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