Hydraulics Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
How much head pressure is there in a 1ft column of water
A
.434 psi
2
Q
Determine the volume of a square (in Gallons)
A
Length x Depth x Width x 7.5
3
Q
Theoretic flow for 1/2” tip at 50 psi
A
53 GPM
4
Q
Theoretic Flow for 7/8” tip at 50 psi
A
161 GPM
5
Q
Theoretic Flow for 1” tip at 50 psi
A
210 GPM
6
Q
Fire Ground Flows for hand line tips and nozzles @ 50psi
A
1/2” = 50 GPM
7/8” = 150 GPM
15/16” = 185 GPM
1” = 210 GPM
1 1/8” = 250
1 1/4” = 325
7
Q
Theoretic Flow of 15/16” tip at 50 PSI
A
185 GPM
8
Q
Theoretic flow for 1 1/8” tip at 50 psi
A
266 GPM
9
Q
Theoretic flow for 1 1/4” tip at 50 psi
A
328 GPM
10
Q
Theoretic flow of 1 1/4” tip at 80 psi
A
415 GPM
11
Q
Theoretic flow of 1 3/8” tip at 80 psi
A
502 GPM
12
Q
Theoretic flow of 1 1/2” tip at 80 psi
A
598 GPM
13
Q
Theoretic flow of 1 3/4” tip at 80 psi
A
814 GPM
14
Q
Theoretic flow of 2” tip at 80 psi
A
1062 GPM
15
Q
Fixed monitor Smooth Bore Flow and Starting Pressures (Deck Gun) ALL TIPS
A
1 3/8” tip : 500 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi
1 1/2” tip: 600 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi
1 3/4” tip: 800 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi
2” tip: 1000 GPM - starting pressure 120 psi
16
Q
TFT automatic nozzle flows and pressure
A
@ 90 psi: 500 GPM
@ 110 psi: 750 GPM
@ 120 psi: 1000 GPM
@ 140 psi: 1250 GPM
17
Q
Akron Adjustable Monitor Flow Nozzle pressures and flows (MASTERSTREAM)
A
100 psi: 500 GPM
110 psi: 750 GPM
130 psi: 1000 GPM
140 psi: 1250 GPM
18
Q
Definition of friction loss
A
Anything that affects the movement of water
19
Q
1st principle of friction loss
A
Variables being the same, doubling the length of hose will double friction loss
20
Q
2nd principle of friction loss
A
Friction Loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in flow
21
Q
3rd Principle of Friction Loss
A
If Flow remains constant Friction Loss will decrease if the diameter is increased
22
Q
4th Principle of Friction Loss
A
The velocity of water, NOT PRESSURE, through a hose causes friction loss, the faster you move water (GPM) the more friction loss occurs (psi)
23
Q
Friction Loss formula COEFFICIENTS
A
1” = 150
1 3/4” = 10 (NFPA 15)
2” = 8
2.5” = 2
3” = .8
4” = .2
5” = .08
24
Q
Appliance Loss
A
When Flows are over 350 GPM
Any appliance : 10 psi
Ladder Pipes : 25 psi
Stand Pipes: 25 psi
Mercury Monitor : 10 psi
25
√50
7.07
26
√80
8.94
27
Stream Velocity Formula
12.14 x √NP = ft/s
28
1.75 squared ( Q of 175 GPM)
3.06
29
1.85 squared (Q of 185 GPM)
3.42
30
2.96 squared (Q of 296 gpm)
8.76
31
Friction Loss Formula
C = coefficient based on hose diameter
Q = Flow Rate (squared) in hundreds
L= Hose Length in hundreds
32
JS-10 Flow Patterns
Spray or Straight Stream
33
Portable Foam Eductor
Flow:
Intake Pressure:
Distance from Panel:
Nozzle Height
Flows 95 to 125 gpm
Must be pumped @ 200 psi at eductor
At least 50’ from pump panel to avoid turbulence and within 200’ of nozzle
Nozzle cannot be placed higher than 5 ft over eductor
34
Supply Hose starting pressures
4” = 50 psi
3” = 100 psi
If combined they should be charged to min 100 psi
35
Max achievable discharge pressure
150 psi + static Pressure = Max rated pump flow capacity (1500 gpm)
36
Friction Loss coefficients in multiple supply lines
Two 3” lines = .2
One 3” and one 4” = .09
Two 4” = .05
37
Like Volumes formula
[(Static Pressure - Residual Pressure) 100] / Static Pressure
38
Like Volumes alternate method
Calculate 25%, 15% , 10% of static pressure and match the drop between static and residual.
39
Like Volumes Chart
0 - 10% drop = 3 like volumes
10.1% - 15% drop = 2 like volumes
15.1% - 25% drop = 1 like volume
>25% drop = Less than 1 original amount
40
Fog Nozzle flows
1” adjustable = 12 - 60 gpm
1 1/2 Akron assault = 175 gpm
2 1/2 Akron fog = 125 to 250 gpm
Akron Quick-Attack = 500 gpm
41
Length, Diameter, Flow and Pressure for booster reels
150’ length - 1” thick - 100 psi nozzle - 12 to 60 GPM
Coefficient for friction loss: 150
42
Decon Shower flow and pressure
270 GPM at 75 psi
43
Piercing Nozzle
125gpm @ 100 psi
44
2 1/2 Bresnan Distributor Nozzle flows and pressure
250 GPM
100 psi
(FL per 50ft of 2.5) = 6.25
45
1 1/2 Bresnan Distributor Nozzle
95 gpm
50 psi
(FL per 50ft of 1.88) = 4.51
46
2 1/2 Cellar Nozzle flows and pressures
350 GPM at 100 psi
(FL per 50ft of 2.5”) = 12.25
47
1 1/2 Cellar Nozzle Flows and Pressures
160 GPM
100 psi
(FL per 50ft of 1.88) = 12.8 psi
48
Sprinkler Systems starting pressure and when to charge
150 psi
Charge when there is smoke, fire or upon confirmation of working fire
1 line should be connected to FDC and charged
49
Combination Systems should be…
Considered as a standpipe and charged immediately upon arrival without orders
50
Minimum supply lines for aerial master streams
One 4” line
Two 3” lines
51
Procedures for Drafting
Position pumper for side intake
Ensure pump is air-tight
Close tank to pump and tank fill
Switch to RPM mode
Throttle between 1000 to 1200 rpm
Engage Primer until pressure is developed on master gauge
52
Nozzle Reaction Formula
Smooth Bore:
1.57 x d(squared) x NP
Fog: .0505 x Q x √NP
53
Max Flows at draft per inlet
Front: 900 gpm
Side: 1750
Rear : 1500 to 1750
54
Front Sleeve Size
5”
55
Must engage pump gear at this minimum intake pressure
50 psi
56
Close Tank To Pump after established water supply
For safety reasons
57
Weight and quantity of 1 Cubic Foot
7.5 gallons
62.5 lbs
58
Friction Loss in 50 ft of 1.88” hose at 175 GPM
15.31 psi
59
Friction Loss in 50 ft of 2.5” hose at 296 GPM
8.76 psi
60
Friction Loss in 50 ft of 3” hose at 500 GPM
10 psi
61
FL in 2 sections of 3” @ 350 GPM supplying an FDC
4.9 psi
62
Friction Loss in 100’ of 4” hose at 350 GPM supplying an engine flowing two crosslays
2.45 psi
63
Friction Loss in 50’ of 1.88” hose @ 185GPM
17.11 psi
64
Q of 185 GPM
1.85 Squared
3.42
65
Q of 350 GPM
3.5 squared
12.25
66
Q variable of smooth bore master streams
1 1/4 = 4.15² = 17.22
1 3/8 = 5.02² = 25.2
1 1/2 = 5.98² = 35.76
1 3/4 = 8.14² = 66.25
2" = 10.62² = 112.78
67
Smooth Bore Nozzle Discharge Formula
29.7 x D(squared) x √NP
68
Definition of hydraulics
Study of fluids at rest and in motion
69
How much water is in 50’ of 1.75” hose
6.24 gallons
70
How much water is in 50’ of 1.88” hose
7.2 Gallons
71
How much water is in 50’ of 2.5” hose
12.74 Gallons
72
How much water is in 50’ of 3” Hose
18.35 gallons
73
How much water is in 100’ of 4” Hose
65.25 gallons
74
How much water is in 100 ft of 5” hose
101.94 Gallons
75
Explain centrifugal pump
Pump that takes advantage of incoming water pressure entering through the “eye” of the pump which then travels through one or more of the impellers and out through the volute
76
What hoses can be used with the mercury monitor
3” or 2” hose
4” shall not be used
77
Maximum inlet pressure for Mercury Monitor
150 psi
78
JS-10 Full Name
National Foam JS-10 Air Aspirating Nozzle
79
Foam Eductor Flow
95 to 125 GPM at 200 psi
80
AKRON Truck Mount Foam System
What kind of system
How is it piped
Starting pressure
By-pass Proportioning system.
In-line eductor pre-piped into the front bumper discharge.
Must be pumped at 200 psi
81
Around the pump Foam System
Foam solution from all discharges
When being supplied from another source, tank fill must be kept closed
Intake pressure should not exceed 10 psi
82
Husky Foam System
Type of system
% foam injection
how many gpm at what psi
Electronic Direct injection system
0.1 to 3%of foam injection to front bumper discharge
3 gpm of foam at 150psi
83
How does a CAFS engine operate
How much water does it carry
How many gallons of Foam A & B
How much % does it reduce water use by
Water is mixed with air and class A foam
Holds 750 gallons
40 gallons of class A
40 gallons of class B
Reduces amount of water for effective stream by 25%
84
Fire attack combination with CAFS
Best nozzle for best finished product
2/3 water, 1/3 air with a foam application rate of .3%
15/16 smooth bore tip creates best finished product
85
CAFS for overhaul
2/3 air, 1/3 water with a class A foam application at .5%
15/16 without slug will create the best finished product for overhaul "gated butt"
86
Disadvantages of using CAFS
Hose Lines must be kept cracked open to avoid damage
Pierce recommends only be used in lines up to 250’
Air Compressor can be operated up to 2 hours without overheating
87
Supply Pumpers, Under normal operations, SHOULD NOT?…
Gate Down Discharges
88
Discharge Pressure during standpipe operations must be sufficient to
Overcome Friction Loss in hose to FDC
Overcome Friction Loss in appliances
Overcome Elevation Pressure
Overcome Friction Loss at the attack line
Provide proper nozzle pressure
89
Why are Relief Valves and Governors used
Each Pumper is equipped with a pressure relieve valve or governor to compensate for over pressure or under pressure
90
Why must tank to pump be closed after water establishment
(How does it help the driver)
Enables the pump operator to identify loss of water supply immediately
91
Tank fill valves shall be _________ as soon as water supply is established
Opened
92
1 ft cubed is how many inches
1728 inches cubed
93
How much pressure does a column of water 2.304’ high exert?
1 psi
94
1/2 in decimals
.5
95
7/8 in decimals
.875
96
15/16 in decimals
.9375
97
1 1/8 in decimals
1.125
98
1 1/4 in decimals
1.25
99
1 3/8 in decimals
1.375
100
1 3/16 in decimals
1.1875
101
(Blitz Line) Friction Loss in 50’ of 2.5” flowing 250 (266 )gpm through a 11/8” SB nozzle
6.25 psi fireground
7.07 psi theoretical
102
Friction Loss in 50’ of 2.5” flowing 325gpm (328 bpm ) through 11/4” nozzle
10.56 psi fireground
10.75 psi theoretic
103
Determine the volume of a cylinder (in Gallons)
V= pi x r(squared) x Depth x 7.5
104
Handlines with smoothbore have a nozzle pressure of 50 psi, to what pressure can they be increased to achieve a higher flow rate
65 psi
105
Master streams with a smoothbore nozzle have a pressure of 80 psi but can be increased to ______ psi to achieve higher flow rates
100 psi
106
what is a Gutter Line
Line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper
107
What type of foam concentrate can the JS-10 be used with
Low Expansion Foam Concentrates
108
How can you flow foam directly from the onboard tank
Place eductor directly above the tank using water from a discharge such as deck gun
109
Upon Loss Of water what shall be done after opening the tank to pump valve and using tank water
Notify interior crew and command that they are operating off of tank water
