hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia

Question 1

list the properties of hydrogen

Answer 1

lightest element
colourless and odourless
more reactive than copper
oxygen and hydrogen will explode when lit

Question 2

why is there no hydrogen in air

Answer 2

bc its so light it escapes earth’s atmosphere

Question 3

what is the properties of nitrogen

Answer 3

colourless, odourless, unreactive gas
use for protein and growth
slighly soluble in water
very inreactive

Question 4

what is the most and second most mamufactured chemical

Answer 4

sulfuric acid and ammonia

Question 5

what is the characteristic of ammonia

Answer 5

colourless with strong smell
less dense than air
turns red litmus blue

Question 6

describe the Haber process

Answer 6

1. nitrogen is obtained from air and hydrogen is obtained by reacting a natural gas with steam
2. gas mixture is compressed. more and more gas is pumped in until the pressure reaches 200 atmospheres
3. compressed gas flows to converter
4. mixture is cooled and ammonia condense to liquid
5. ammonia is stored in a tank as liquid under pressure

Question 7

what is the equation for ammonia

Answer 7

N2 + 3H2–> 2NH3

Question 8

why is nitrogen and hydrogen recycled to the converter

Answer 8

bc only 15% of the mixture leaving is ammonia

Question 9

how do we obtain nitogen to make ammonia and the equation

Answer 9

air is 80% nitrogen so oxygen is removed by burning oxygen

2H2 + o2 –> 2H2O

Question 10

where is the energy used to make ammonia from

Answer 10

the heat given out in the reaction from oxygen and hydrogen

Question 11

how is hydrogen obtained for ammonia and their equation

Answer 11

hydrogen is made by reacting natural gas with steam
CH4 + 2H2o –> [catalyst] CO2 + 4H2
or cracking hydrocarbons from petroleum
C2H6 –> [catalyst] Co2 + 4H2

Question 12

what is the conditions to make ammonia

Answer 12

400 C and 200 atmospheres

Question 13

why is the temp to make atmosphere not 350 or 450

Answer 13

bc 350 is too slow and 450 wld need very powerful pumps so expensive

Question 14

what is used as a catalyst for ammonia

Answer 14

iron

Question 15

what do plants use nitrogen for

Answer 15

making chlorophyll and proteins

Question 16

what do plants use potassium for

Answer 16

produce proteins and resist disease

Question 17

what does plants use for phosphorus

Answer 17

helps root grow and crops ripen

Question 18

what is a fertiliser

Answer 18

any substance added to soil to make it more fertile

Question 19

what is an example of natural fertiliser

Answer 19

animal manure

Question 20

what is synthetic fertiliser

Answer 20

fertilisers made in factories

Question 21

what is the formula for ammonium nitrate

Answer 21

NH4NO3

Question 22

what is the formula for pottasium sulfate

Answer 22

K2SO4

Question 23

what is the formula for ammonium phosphate

Answer 23

(NH4)3PO4

Question 24

what is the formula for ammonia sulfates

Answer 24

(NH4)2SO4

Question 25

what is the consequences of fertilisers

Answer 25

in rivers: algae bloom - algae grows and cover water when they die bacteria feed on them and uses up all oxygen - fish suffocate water supply: nitrate ions can end up in water -converted to nitrate ions in body and binds to haemoglobin so less oxygen carried -cause illness to infants causing skin to be blue

Question 26

where is sulfur found

Answer 26

element in underground beds occurs as a compound in many metals ores like lead ore galena sulfur compound also occur naturally in fossil fuel

Question 27

what are the 2 ways to extract sulfur

Answer 27

oil and gas | sulfur beds

Question 28

how do we extract sulfur from oil and gas

Answer 28

obtained from petroleum or natural gas hydrogen sulfide in methane is separate and reactede with oxygen to give sulfur 2H2S + O2 --> 2S + 2H2O

Question 29

how is sulfur obtained from sulfur beds

Answer 29

undeground sulfure beds | superheated water is pumped down to melt the sulfur and carry it to the surface

Question 30

what are the properties of sulfur

Answer 30

brittle yellow solid molecular and has low mp insoluble in water react with metal to form sulfides

Question 31

what are the 2 different forms of sulfur

Answer 31

rhombic and monoclinic sulfur

Question 32

what are the uses of sulfur

Answer 32

``` make sulfuric acid added to rubber to toughen it making drugs, pesticides, dyes, matches and paper cosmetic, shampoo and body lotion added to cement to make sulfur concrete ```

Question 33

what is the properties of sulfur dioxide

Answer 33

``` forms when sulfur is burned in air colourless gas heavier than air with chocking smell acts as a blech when damp or in a solution kills bacteria ```

Question 34

what are the uses of sulfur dioxide

Answer 34

make sulfuric acid bleach wool, silk and wood pulp food preservatives stops growth of bacteria and moulds

Question 35

how is sulfuric acid made

Answer 35

1. sulfur is burned in air 2. it is mixed with air to from sulfur dioxide - s+0-->SO2 3. it is passed over 4 separate beads of catalysts at 450 C - 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 4. sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum 5. mixed with water to from sulfuric acid - H2) + S03 --> H2SO4

Question 36

what is used as a catalyst in contact process

Answer 36

pellets of vanadium V oxide

Question 37

why is the mixture passed over 4 separate bed of catalyst in the contact process

Answer 37

to give reactant to further chances to react

Question 38

how to increase the yield of sulfuric acid

Answer 38

sulfur trioxide is removed in the last 2 beds of catalysts | increase pressure by less than 2 atmospheres

Question 39

why is sulfur trioxide dissolved in concentrated acid and not water

Answer 39

it wld form a thick dangerous mist of acid

Question 40

how is the temperature of sulfur trioxide maintained

Answer 40

pipes of cold water are coiled ard the catalyst beds to carry heat away the hat makes water boil and steam is used to generate electricity for plant ro heating building

Question 41

what min temp does the catalyst works at for contact process

Answer 41

above 400

Question 42

what are the uses of sulfuric acid

Answer 42

fertilisers paints, pigments and dyestuff fibres and plastics soaps and detergents and car batteries

Question 43

how is dilute sulfuric acid made

Answer 43

adding concentrated acid to water not by added water to acid bc heat wld be produced

Question 44

what is a dehydrating agent

Answer 44

removes water

Question 45

true or false: sulfuric acid is not a dehydrating agent

Answer 45

false

Question 46

what does acid + metal give

Answer 46

salt + hydrogen

Question 47

what does acid + metal oxide or hydroxide gives

Answer 47

salt + water