hydrology finals Flashcards
(24 cards)
is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface.
infiltration
zone from surface
- saturation zone
- Transition zone
- Transmission zone
- Wetting zone
It represents the typical relationship between
moisture content and soil depth
Green and Ampt infiltration model
is defined as the time elapsed between when rainfall begins and the time water begins to pond on the soil surface.
ponding time
It assumes that infiltration loss
is uniformly distributed across the rainfall
pattern where the area above the ∅-
index sums to the volume of direct runoff
and the area below sums to the volume
of infiltration loss.
∅-index
used to measure the rate of water infiltration into soil
or other porous media
Flooding type infiltrometers
is the process by which liquid water from water bodies (rivers, ponds, lakes) or soil is converted to vapor.
Evaporation
The energy required to move to the vapor form
latent heat of vaporization
The rate at which water is converted into vapor
rate of vaporization
the rate at which water vapor is converted to liquid water
rate of condensation.
is considered separately as the combined loss of water vapor
from the surface of plants (transpiration) and the evaporation of moisture from soil.
Evapotranspiration
are water-containing pans exposed to the atmosphere wherein loss
of water is monitored at regular intervals.
Evaporimeters
is an important
source of water supply for
municipalities, agriculture, and
industry.
groundwater
major root band of vegetation; varies with soil type and
vegetation, water content depends primarily on recent exposure to rain and
infiltration.
Soil Water Zone
extends from the water table to the limit of capillary rise
Capillary zone/ fringe
is defined as the level to which water will rise in a well drilled into the
saturated zone, which divides the unsaturated zone from the saturated zone.
water table
is a formation that contains sufficient
permeable material to yield significant quantities of
water to wells and springs. Itis generally areally
extensive and may be overlain or underlain by
confining beds. Ittransmits water relatively easily
due to itshigh permeability.
aquifer
isa saturated, low permeability
stratum, such as a silty clay, that may leak water
from one aquifer to another. Itisa formation
through which only seepage ispossible and thus
the yield is insignificant compared to an aquifer. It is
is partly permeable.
aquitard
is saturated and isa relatively
impermeable confining unit that might act as
a confining layer above or below an aquifer
system. Itmay be considered as closed to
water movement even though it may contain
large amounts of water due to itshigh
porosity.
aquiclude
is a geological formation that is
neither porous nor permeable. Ithas no
interconnected openings and hence it cannot
transmit water.
aquifuge
is a term often used in ground water hydraulics as applied to confined
aquifers. It is defined as the product of K and the average saturated thickness of the
aquifer, B.
Transmissivity
is a graph showing the flow rate as a function of
time at a given location on a stream. It is an integral expression of the physiographic and climatic characteristics that govern the relations between rainfall and runoff of a particular drainage basin (Chow, 1959)
stream flow/ discharge hydrograph
a plot of stream flow vs. time over a year
annual hydrograph
Peak stream flows are a
result of storm rainfall.
storm hydrograph
