Hyper/Hyponatraemia

Question 1

How to manage hyponatraemia?

Answer 1

Acutely- hypertonic saline infusion

If hypervolaemic- fluid restrict

Stop causative medications then recheck Na in 2 weeks

Refer on if cause unclear or suspect endocrine dysfunction

Question 2

Medications associated with hyponatraemia?

Answer 2

Diuretics- all types.
SSRIs
Antipsychotics
Carbamezapine

Question 3

Complications of hyponatraemia?

Answer 3

If Na <125 or developes within <48hrs = cerebral oedema

Chronic: increased risk od falls, fractures, osteoporosis

Myelinolysis: possible consequenxe of rapid over correction of na levels, can lead to permanent neurological dysfunction

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of hypernatraemia?

Answer 4

Lethargy, weakness.

Confusion, agitation, seizures, coma

Question 5

How to manage hypernatremia?

Answer 5

Oral or iv fluids (dextrose).

Treat underlying cause and monitor Na levels regularly.