hypercoagulation state scheme

Question 1

what is virchows triad?

Answer 1

venous stasis
vascular injury
hypercoagulability

Question 2

what is the most common acquired thrombophilia?

Answer 2

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Question 3

what are the two vasodilators that inhibit platelet aggregation?

Answer 3

NO and prostacyclin

Question 4

what are the two vasoconstrictors that facilitate platelet aggregation?

Answer 4

endothelin 1

thromboxane A2

Question 5

is vascular smooth muscle unitary or multiunit?

Answer 5

both

Question 6

what binds to Ca in vascular smooth muscle to cause contraction?

Answer 6

calmodulin

Question 7

how many ways does Ca enter vascular smooth muscle cells

Answer 7

3!

voltage gated. IP3, ligand gated g proteins

Question 8

what causes vascular smooth muscle to use less ATP than skeletal muscle for contraction?

Answer 8

Latch state: myosin dephosphorylated while still attached

Question 9

what releases endothelin 1?

Answer 9

damaged vascular endothelium

Question 10

what releases thromboxane A2?

Answer 10

platelets

Question 11

how is NO produced?

Answer 11

from L-arginine through nitric oxide synthase

Question 12

what is serum?

Answer 12

plasma minus the clotting factors

Question 13

what is the buffy coat?

Answer 13

WBCs that make up 1% of Hct

Question 14

what is plasma?

Answer 14

ECF + plasma proteins: albumin, fibrinogen, and globulins

Question 15

what is the purpose of albumin?

Answer 15

transport protein

prevents edema

Question 16

what clotting substances do platelets release?

Answer 16

thromboplastin and plasmin

Question 17

what does thromboplastin do?

Answer 17

converts prothrombin to thrombin

Question 18

what does thrombin do?

Answer 18

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 19

what makes prothrombin and firbrinogen

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

what does plasmin do?

Answer 20

clot contraction

Question 21

why are arterial clots called white clots?

Answer 21

trap mostly platelets

Question 22

why are venous clots called red clots?

Answer 22

trap mostly RBCs and fibrin

Question 23

what are the 4 major events of hemostasis

Answer 23

vasoconstriction, platelet actions, fibrin clot formation, fibrinolysis

Question 24

what does TPA do?

Answer 24

activate fibrinolysis by activating plasmin

Question 25

what is primary hemostasis?

Answer 25

platelet plug formation

Question 26

what is secondary hemostasis?

Answer 26

fibrin clot formation

Question 27

what do alpha granules in platelets release?

Answer 27

fibrinogen factor V factor VIII

Question 28

how do platelets bind to each other?

Answer 28

bind through the GP IIB/IIIA and fibrinogen

Question 29

what do dense granules release?

Answer 29

Ca ADP serotonin

Question 30

how does aspirin block platelet aggregation?

Answer 30

blocks Cox 1 so TXA2 release

Question 31

how does vorapaxar block platelet aggregation

Answer 31

blocks thrombin receptor PAR

Question 32

how does abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibitide block platelet aggregation

Answer 32

block IIB/IIIA receptor

Question 33

how does clopidogrel block platelet aggregation?

Answer 33

blocks ADP receptor

Question 34

what two proteins block coagulatin?

Answer 34

protein C and S

Question 35

where are the Vitamin K dependent CFs made?

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

which CFs need vitamin K?

Answer 36

Prothrombin VII IX X

Question 37

what is the key step in Vitamin K cycle?

Answer 37

carboxylation of glutamic residues

Question 38

what coagulation study looks at the extrinsic coagulation cascade?

Answer 38

PT/INR

Question 39

what coagulation study looks at the intrinsic coagulation cascade?

Answer 39

aPTT

Question 40

prothrombinase complex consists of?

Answer 40

X + Va + Ca -> thrombin

Question 41

extrinsic tenase complex composed of?

Answer 41

VIIa via VII and Ca

Question 42

intrinsic tenase complex composed of?

Answer 42

IX a + VIII

Question 43

what inhibits initiation of secondary hemostasis?

Answer 43

TFP1

Question 44

what initiates secondary hemostasis amplification?

Answer 44

thrombin

Question 45

what do the extrinsic and intrinsic tenases ultimately do?

Answer 45

activate factor X

Question 46

amplification stage of secondary hemostais leads to?

Answer 46

thrombin burst

Question 47

what inhibits fibrinolysis naturally/

Answer 47

PAI & alpha 2 antiplasmin

Question 48

what activates protein C?

Answer 48

thrombomodulin

Question 49

what does protein C inhibit?

Answer 49

Factors V and VIII

Question 50

what drug can inhibit the extrinsic pathway?

Answer 50

vitamin K antagonist like coumadin

Question 51

what pathway does heparin block?

Answer 51

intrinsic

Question 52

what are the 4 types of inherited thrombophilias?

Answer 52

factor V leiden mutations protein C def protein S def antithrombin def.

Question 53

how does factor V leiden mutation cause thrombosis?

Answer 53

protein C cant inactivate factor V -> inc. thrombin -> inc. fibrin

Question 54

most common congenital thrombophilia?

Answer 54

factor V leiden | AD on Chr 1

Question 55

when can antithrombin III def. be acquired?

Answer 55

with nephrotic syndrome

Question 56

antiphospholipid antibody syndrome characterized by?

Answer 56

thromboembolic event (by act. coag cascade) pregnancy related complications thrombocytopenia

Question 57

how does the autoantibody to apolipoprotein H lead to thrombosis?

Answer 57

block protein C and protein S

Question 58

what is the most common acquired blood protein defects?

Answer 58

lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibody