hyperkalemia

Question 1

causes of hyperkalemia

Answer 1

AKI/CKD/ rental tubular acidosis

cell death -> k release

DKA -> k moves into cell

Addison disease

acidosis -> K/h exchanger

hypovolemic -> k moves out

drugs

Question 2

drugs that cause hyperkalemia

Answer 2

ACEI, thiazide diuretics, BB (inhibits na/k pump), digoxin, blood transfusion

Question 3

symptoms

Answer 3

MURDER (muscle weakness, urine (oliguria) respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflex

Question 4

investigations

Answer 4

U+E, aldosterone level, FBC, BM, ABG, digoxin, CK, LDL, ECG

Question 5

ECG findings of hyperkalemia

Answer 5

tall tented T waves, shortened QT interval, prolonged PR interval, wide QRS, flattened P wave, sine wave, AV block, bradycardia

Question 6

management of hyperkalaemia

Answer 6

calcium gluconate (stabilises cardiac membrane), glucose + insulin (shifts k intracellular), salbutamol (shifts k intracellular), hco3 for acidosis, calcium polystyrene sulfonate resin (removes k for GI tract), dialysis