hyperlipidaemia

Question 1

what is a normal total plasma cholesterol concentration?

Answer 1

<5mmol/L

Question 2

what is the mechanism of action of statins?

Answer 2

inhibits HMG-COA reductase

which prevents synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and increases uptake of LDL by LDL receptors thus decreasing circulating LDL

Question 3

Main side effect of statin use?

Answer 3

myalgia

Question 4

what is the mechanism of action of PCSK9 inhibitors?

Answer 4

prevents the degradation of LDL receptors by PCSK9, thus reducing the concentration of plasma LDL

Question 5

mechanism of action of fibres?

Answer 5

reduce circulating VLDL.

they are agonists of PPAR alpha nuclear receptors which increases transcription of lipoprotein lipase and increases hepatic LDL uptake

Question 6

mechanism of action of ezetimibe?

Answer 6

inhibits absorption of cholesterol by the duodenum but still allows absorption of fat soluble vitamins, triglycerides and bile acids

Question 7

normal HDL level?

Answer 7

> 1 mmol/L

Question 8

normal LDL level?

Answer 8

below 3.4 mmol/L