hyperlipidemia

Question 1

what is hyperlipidemia?

Answer 1

Hyperlipidemia is a spectrum of disorders in which blood lipids are elevated (lipids are carried by apolipoproteins)

Question 2

hyperlipidemia may include elevations in ?

Answer 2

May include elevations in chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, or LDL

Question 3

hyperlipidemia Results in elevated serum levels of the following: (4)

Answer 3

1. Triglycerides (TG)
2. Total cholesterol (TC)
3. Cholesterol associated with specific apolipoproteins (e.g., LDL-C, VLDL-C)
4. Specific apoproteins (e.g., apo A, apo B100, apo B48)

Question 4

Primary causes of hyperlipidemia

Answer 4

1. Age: serum cholesterol tends to increase with age
2. Family history / genetics: genetic hyperlipidemia including Type I – V hyperlipidemia
3. Gender: men have higher lipid levels until 50 years of age
4. Diet: saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, excess calories, carbohydrate and ethanol (triglycerides)
5. Behavior: sedentary behavior, smoking, obesity

Question 5

secondary causes of hyperlipidemia

Answer 5

1. Medications: beta-blockers, thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, exogenous estrogens, protease inhibitors
2. Diseases / conditions: uremia, nephrotic syndrome, Cushing’s disease, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy

Question 6

Elevated LDL cholesterol and reduced HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk for developing _______.

Answer 6

atherosclerosis and related disorders (e.g., CAD)

Question 7

Elevated _______ is associated with lipid deposition in soft tissues (xanthomas, xantholasma, corneal arcus [arcus lipoides] before 50 years of age)

Answer 7

LDL cholesterol

Question 8

Elevated triglycerides a minor risk factor for atherosclerosis (some risk in DM, women) but concentrations > 1000 mg/dL are associated with increased risk for _____.

Answer 8

pancreatitis