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Drug Mechanisms > Hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Hyperlipidemia Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are the nine different classes used to treat hyperlipidemia?

A

1) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
2) Niacin
3) Fibric Acid derivatives
4) Bile Acid Sequestrants
5) Inhibitors of Intestinal Sterol Absorption
6) Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
7) Antisense Olgonucleotides
8) Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitors
9) PCSKT9 Inhibitors

2
Q

What drugs are considered HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Statins

3
Q

What drug is considered Niacin?

A

Nicotinic acid

4
Q

What drugs are considered fibric acid derivatives?

A

Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate, and Fenofibric acid

5
Q

What drugs are considered bile acid sequestrants?

A

Colestipol, cholestryamine, and colesevelam

6
Q

What drugs is an inhibitor of intestinal sterol absorption?

A

Ezetimibe

7
Q

What drugs are considered omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Vascepa, Lovaza, Enova

8
Q

What drug is considered an antisense oligonucleotide?

A

Mipomersen

9
Q

What drugs is considered a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor?

A

Lomitapide

10
Q

What drugs are considered PCSKT9 inhibitors?

A

alirocumab and evolocumab

11
Q

What is the net effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Most effective in lowering LDLs (30-35%)
Moderate decrease in triglycerides (10-30%)
Small increase in HDL

12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Statins?

A

Analog of HMG-CoA reductase which inhibits the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. This inhibits the formation of cholesterol and causes an increase in the number of high-affinity LDL receptors to uptake LDL out of the plasma.

13
Q

What are the toxicities associated with statins?

A
  1. Increase serum aminotransferase
  2. Increase in serum creatinine kinase
  3. Increase in glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose
  4. Increased diabetes risk
  5. Myopathy and cognitive impairment
14
Q

How do statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A
  1. Improve endothelial function
  2. Reduce platelet aggregation
  3. Reduce oxidative stress
  4. Reduce C reactive proteins
  5. Reduce vascular inflammation
  6. Stabilize atherosclerotic lesions