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Methods 6 > Hyperopia > Flashcards

Hyperopia Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

The effects of hyperopia vary greatly and depend on what 4 things?

A
  1. The magnitude
  2. The age
  3. The accommodative and convergence system
  4. The demands placed on the visual system
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2
Q

What does early detection of hyperopia help prevent in children?

A
  • strabismus and amblyopia

- if uncorrected, it can affect learning ability in older children

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3
Q

What are some symptoms that can present with uncorrected hyperopia?

A
  • blurred vision
  • eye strain
  • accommodative dysfunction
  • binocular dysfunction
  • amblyopia
  • strabismus
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4
Q

What is asthenopia?

A

Eye strain/ fatigue

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5
Q

Clinically, hyperopia is divided into what three categories?

A
  • simple
  • pathological
  • functional
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6
Q

What is simple hyperopia?

A
  • caused by normal biological variation

- axial length or refractive error

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7
Q

What is pathological hyperopia?

A

-caused by abnormal ocular anatomy due to maldevelopment, disease, or trauma

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8
Q

What is functional hyperopia?

A

Results from paralysis of accommodation

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9
Q

What are the three categories of hyperopia based on refractive error?

A

-low, moderate, high

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10
Q

What is low hyperopia?

A

-refractive error of +2.00 diopters or less

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11
Q

What happens if low hyperopia is never corrected?

A

That person can use all of their accommodation and become presbyopia earlier

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12
Q

What are the two types of hyperopia that relate to the role of accommodation?

A
  • facultative

- absolute

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13
Q

What is facultative hyperopia?

A

-hyperopia that can be overcome by accommodation

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14
Q

What is absolute hyperopia?

A

-hyperopia that cannot be compensated with accommodation

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15
Q

What are the two kinds of hyperopia that relate to cyclo?

A
  • manifest

- latent

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16
Q

What is manifest hyperopia?

A
  • determined by noncycloplegic refraction

- can be facultative or absolute

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17
Q

What is latent hyperopia?

A
  • detected only by cycloplegia

- can be overcome by accommodation (facultative only)

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18
Q

What is significant hyperopia?

A
  • ANY degree of hyperopia sufficient to cause symptoms requiring remediation:
  • blurred vision
  • inefficient vision
  • discomfort
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19
Q

What kind of hyperopia do most newborns have?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • usually mild (2D max)

- small cases have moderate/high

20
Q

What is moderate hyperopia?

21
Q

What is high hyperopia? What are people with high hyperopia in danger of developing?

Study These Flashcards
A

Greater that +5D

-angle closure glaucoma

22
Q

What is anisometropia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • difference of 2D between the eyes

- higher chance of developing strabismus

23
Q

What happens in presbyopia in regards to hyperopia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • latent hyperopia may become manifest and require correction for distance and near
  • increases absolute hyperopia causing blur
24
Q

Must you show signs or hyperopia in order to be hyperopic?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • nah

- young patients might be symptom free

25
What are some common signs and symptoms of hyperopia?
- red/tearing eyes - squinting, especially with reading - ocular fatigue - frequent blinking - blurred vision - focusing problems - decreased binocularity - difficulty reading
26
What is the most common complaint of hyperopia?
Blurred vision at near and unspecified visual discomfort | -no pathognomonic signs
27
What is isoametropic hyperopia? Who is at risk?
Bilateral high refractive error | -uncorrected high hyperopes
28
What kind of refractive techniques are used to diagnose hyperopia?
- ret - near ret (presbyopia) - cyclo - auto (wet auto for kids) - manifest
29
What are some procedures that should be done to test binocularity in hyperopes?
- versions - cover test - near point of convergence - accommodative amplitude - stereopsis
30
Should you do binocular testing before or after cyclo?
Before cyclo
31
Should you always do cyclo for diagnosis of hyperopia?
Yep
32
What are the factors you should consider when planning treatment and management strategies?
- magnitude of error - age - has the patient worn correction before? - is there amblyopia or tropia? - how is there accommodation? - the demands of the visual system - tasks the patient will be doing
33
What are the available treatments for hyperopia? Which one is the most common?
- optical correction MOST COMMON - vision therapy - modify the patient environment - refractive surgery - pharmaceutical agents
34
When should you prescribe the full RX in the beginning?
- young kids with accommodative esotropia | - patients with absolute hyperopia
35
Should patients with latent hyperopia be required to wear glasses full time?
- nope - it will take longer to adjust to correction since they are able to accommodate. - maybe start them just wearing them for near work
36
What are the three general guidelines for optical correction in hyperopes?
- work towards full correction unless the situation mandates full correction - obtain best possible VA - obtain efficient binocular vision -clear, comfortable, single binocular vision
37
In what cases will you not obtain the best VA possible on purpose? What should you tell the patient?
- you might sacrifice some VA in order to get best binocularity, enhance comfort, or decrease distortions - you need to educate them on the sacrifice
38
What should you avoid in prescribing optical correction for hyperopes?
- avoid large optical changes (3 or 4D change from habitual) - avoid cheap lenses and frames - avoid ineffective communication
39
What does it mean that you should avoid increasing subjective symptoms?
- you should make the patient more comfortable, not less | - think ahead and consider the adaptation time and explain that to the patient
40
Why should you avoid large changes to habitual RX?
- you have to consider age! Old patient never been corrected will take a long time to adjust and wont like it. - children adapt more quickly and would probably be okay - make small baby step changes to increase the acceptance of the new RX
41
Why would you use vision therapy for hyperopes?
-treating accommodative and binocular dysfunction
42
Why would you use pharmaceuticals instead of glasses?
For patients that cannot tolerate glasses (developmentally challenged)
43
What kind of modifications to the patients environment would you suggest for a hyperopes?
- improve lighting/reduce glare - use better quality printed material (lol) - ensure optical hygiene (take reading breaks)
44
What is the end goal of treatment?
REDUCE ACCOMMODATIVE DEMAND AND PROVIDE CLEAR, COMFORTABLE VISION AND NORMAL BINOCULARITY
45
Probs a repeat card but cool. Each patient should be considered in terms of (list) when treating
- age - degree of symptoms - amount of hyperopia - VA - binocularity - astigmatism/anisometropia? - previous correction

Methods 6 (1 decks)

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