hypersensitivity Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is the diffence between allergies and anaphylaxis
allergies are localized to a site where anaphylaxis is a system reaction.
what antibodies are reactive in type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE coated basophils or mast cells cause hypersensivity
what are allergens
anaphylaxis induced by insect venoms penicillin seafood nuts ect. Food 1 peanuts 25 percent of that on percent
what is atopy
an increased tendency to develop allergies.
what do IgE usually repond to or made to respond to
they normally responde to parasites syally in skin airways or gut
is it TH1 or TH2 involved in allergens
TH2
what is the hygienic hyphothesis
Type 1 is not increasing in developing countries just developed countries because we are not being exposed to the pathogen that we normally would be. And we are less exposed to Th1 response to shut down the Th2 response so they run rampant.
What promotes a better Th2 response
low dos, low molecular weight, and high soluble.
what are the characterists of basophils
usually in blood stream, related to mast cells but not in tissue, promote allergies and anaphylaxis, non phagocytic cells.
how do IgE’s work compared to other antibodies
they do not circulate but instead bind to basophils and mast cells on the Fcc receptor sites. Upon exposure they cause the mast/basophils to degranulate, lose hitamine. Each cell have 10 billion hitamine molecules.
if you dont have allergies do you stick make IgE
yes you still do but not enough to coat the mast or basophils.
what does realease of the granules contents lead to
edema and smooth muscle contraction and possible death.
what do eosinophils normally do
they attach to worms and release granules containing hydrolytic enzymes
what is the late phase response
it is the 2nd phase of smooth muscle contraction sustained edema recuitment of Eosinophils and Th2 cells, and remodeling of tissue smooth muscle hypertrophy but can happen hours later.
what are the effects of hitamine
bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability. Fluid in lungs
What leukotriennes are involved in the type one response and what do they do
LTC4,LTD4,LTE4, similar effect as histamine but it has to be manufactured so it has a slower but much more sustained response.
what is the only treatment that will reverse anaphylaxis
Epiniephrine increases c-amp tightens junction in endotheilals cells to stop edema, and relaxes smooth muscles
what do antihistimines do
they bind to the histamine receptors to block binding of hitmine
what do cromolyn sodium and theophylline do
block degranulation
what are the other treatments
repeated exposure through an alternative rout will cause IgG antibodies instead of IgE so this will react first to the allergen.
what type of antibodies are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG usually leads to an autoimmune disease
what is type two hypersensitivity
where you over respond to self cells and cause phagocytosis or even ADCC through NK cells
what is an example of type two hypersensitivity
hemolytic disease of the newborn when mother RH neg and child is RH pos then maternal IgG will attack second babies RBS
what are two non cytotoxic reactions
Graves disease antibodies to TSH receptor causes overproduction of thyroid hormones , and myashtenia gravis antibodies to acetycholine receptor blocks nerve impulse to muscles
