Hypersensitivity (Ch. 11) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Type I immediate hypersensitivity

Mechanisms of tissue injury

What Ab involved?

A

Th 2 cells, IgE, mast cells, eos

Vasoactive amines etc. from mast-cell derived mediators

Cytokine derived mediators and inflammation from eos, nop, lymphocytes

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2
Q

Define Ab mediated Type II hypersensitivity

What Ab involved?

A

IgM, IgG against cell surfaces

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3
Q

Define Immune Complex mediated Type III hypersensitivity

A

Immune complexes of circulating Ag and IgM or IgG deposited in vascular membrane

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4
Q

Define T-cell mediated (delayed) Type IV hypersensitivity

A

T-cells against epithelial cells

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5
Q

Type I hypersensitivity usually involves what Ab

What is another name for this

A

Aka allergies

Involves IgE

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6
Q

What is the characteristic response of Late Phase Rx

A

Cytokines from T-cells that recruit Nop and Eos to site of Rx over several hours

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7
Q

What cytokine causes Ig switching

A

IL-4/IL-13

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8
Q

What are the three responses to Type I hypersensitivity

A

Rapid release of granules
Synthesis and secretion of lipid mediators
Cytokines

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9
Q

What is the major amine that is released with Type I responses

A

Histamine - dilation of BV

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10
Q

What do proteases causes and what releases them

A

Causes damage to local tissue

Released by granules

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11
Q

What do prostaglandins do

A

Vascular dilation

Released from lipid mediators

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12
Q

What do leukotrienes do and what releases them

A

Smooth muscles contraction

Released by lipid mediators

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13
Q

What do cytokines do in Type I hypersensitivity

A

Local inflammation and activation of late-stage response

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14
Q

What happens in hay fever

A

Mast cells produces histamine and Th2 produces IL-13 which increases Mucus production

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15
Q

What happens in food allergies

A

Mast cells degranulate which increases histamine and thus peristalsis

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16
Q

What happens in bronchial asthma

A

Mast cells release leukotrienes which increase smooth muscle contraction

17
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis

A

Epi 1:1,000 0.3mg

18
Q

What is the treatment for bronchial asthma

A

Corticosteroids - reduce inflammation

Leukotriene antagonists - relax bronchial smooth muscles

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - relax bronchial smooth muscles

19
Q

What does cromolyn do

A

Inhibits mast cell degranulation

20
Q

What does autoimmune hemolytic anemia target and by what mechanism

A

Erthyrocyte membrane proteins (Rh) by Opsonmization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes

21
Q

What does Goodpasture syndrome target and by what mechanisms

A

Targets non collagenous proteins in basement membrane of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli by complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation which causes nephritis and lung hemorrhage

22
Q

What does Graves disease target and by what mechanisms

A

TSH receptors by Ab-mediated stimulation of TSH receptors which causes hyperthyroidism

23
Q

What does myasthenia gravis target and by what mechanism

A

AcH receptor which inhibits AcH binding which causes muscle weakness and paralysis