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Immunology > Hypersensitivity Reactions > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What are hypersensitivity reactions?

A

They are exaggerated or inappropriate immunological response occurring in response to an antigen.

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2
Q

What is immediate HSR?

A

They occur within 24 hours of exposure to antigen or allergin

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3
Q

Immediate HSR is predominantly mediated by??

A

IgG, E, M

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4
Q

Immediate HSR includes?

A

Type 1, 2, 3

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5
Q

Delayed HSR includes?

A

Type 4 HSR.

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6
Q

Type 1 HSR is also known as?

A

Anaphylactic response.

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7
Q

Type 1 HSR is mediated by?

A

IgE antibodies

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of IgE antibodies.

A

The antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils which contain histamine granules that are released in the reaction and cause inflammation.

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9
Q

What are the primary principal mediators in type 1 HSR?

A

Histamine.
Serotonin.
Eosinophil chemotaxis factor.
Neutrophil chemotaxis factor.
Proteases (tryptase, chymase).

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10
Q

What is the function of histamine and Serotonin?

A

Increases vascular permeability, causes smooth muscle contraction.

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11
Q

What is the function of proteases?

A

Bronchial mucus secretion

Degradation of basement membrane of blood vessels.

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12
Q

What are the secondary principal mediators for type 1 HSR?

A

Platlet activation factor
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Bradykinins
Cytokines

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13
Q

What are examples of cytokines?

A

IL-1 and TNF-ALPHA
IL-4 and 13

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14
Q

What is the function of prostaglandin?

A

Vasodilation, increase in pulmonary smooth muscle contraction.

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15
Q

What is the function of Bradykinin?

A

Increased vascular permeability
Pulmonary smooth muscle contraction

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16
Q

What is the function of platelet activation factor?

A

Platlet activation and degranulation.

17
Q

What is the function of leukotrienes?

A

Increase vascular permeability.

18
Q

What is the function of IL-1 AND TNF-ALPHA?

A

Systemic anaphylaxis.

19
Q

What is the function of IL-4 and 13??

A

Increase IgE production.

20
Q

What are the common allergens associated with type 1 HSR?

A

Plant pollen
Proteins - vaccines
Drugs - Penicillin, sulfonamides
Food
Insect products

21
Q

What are the IgE mediated dxs?

A

Systemic
Asthma
Allergic conjunctivitis
Skin reactions
Hay fever

22
Q

Type 2 HSR is mediated by?

A

Antibodies directed towards antigen present on cell surfaces

23
Q

What is the mechanism of damage for type 2 HSR?

A

Opsonisation and complement and fc mediated phagocytosis.

Complement and fc mediated inflammation.

Antibody mediated cellular dysfunction.

24
Q

What are the examples of autoimmune type 2 HSR?

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic pupura.

Pemphigus vulgaris.

25
Q

Non autoimmune type 2 reactions include?

A

Transfusion reactions.

Erythroblastosis fetalis.

26
Q

Type 3 HSR is mediated by?

A

Immune complex diseases.

27
Q

Type 4 HSR is mediated by?

A

Direct cellular damage.

28
Q

What is the mechanism of type 4 HSR?

A
29
Q

What is the mechanism of type 3 HSR?

A
30
Q

What are the manifestations of type 3 HSR?

A

Glomerulonephritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE

31
Q

What are the manifestations of type 4?

A

Dermatitis
Graft rejection
Leisons

Immunology (5 decks)

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