Hypertension

Question 1

What is essential hypertension?

Answer 1

Primary hypertension – has no known secondary cause

Question 2

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 2

Hypertension caused by another medical condition

Question 3

Causes of secondary hypertension?

Answer 3

Renal disease: diabetic neuropathy, GN, polycystic kidneys, renal artery stenosis (oedema)
Endocrine:
Phaeochromocytoma
Cushings
Conns
OSA
Hyperthyroidism
Acromegaly
Drugs: COCP, steroids, cocaine, NSAIDs, liquorice
Congenital heart disease: coarctation of aorta
Pregnancy: pregnancy induced HTN, pre-eclampsia

Question 4

What is the BP for stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 4

140/90

Question 5

What is the BP for stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 5

160/100

Question 6

What is the BP for stage 3 hypertension?

Answer 6

180/110

Question 7

What is malignant hypertension?

Answer 7

> 180/110 + SIGNS of papilloedema/retinal haemorrhages (with target organ damage)

Question 8

First-line medication of hypertensive with T2DM?

Answer 8

ACE-I/ARB

Question 9

First-line medication of hypertensive >55?

Answer 9

Calcium channel blocker

Question 10

First-line medication of hypertensive who is of Black African or African-Caribbean family origin? (any age)

Answer 10

Calcium channel blocker

Question 11

First-line medication of hypertensive <55 and not of Black African or African-Caribbean family origin?

Answer 11

ACE-I/ARB

Question 12

Order of anti-hypertensive medication?

Answer 12

ACD squared

ACE-I
CCB
Diuretic (thiazide-like)
Diuretic (potassium-sparing)