Hypertension Flashcards
ACE inhibitor examples and full form
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
eg: ramipril, lisinopril, perindopril
ramipril mechanism
inhibit ACE (stops angiotensin I to II conversion by ACE)
lisinopril drug target
angiotensin converting enzyme
ACE inhibitor side effects
Cough Hypotension Hyperkalaemia (care with K+ supplements or K+-sparing diuretics) Foetal Injury (AVOID IN PREGNANT WOMEN) Renal failure (in patients with renal artery stenosis)- Urticaria/Angioedema
Calcium channel blocker examples
amlodipine, felodipine
felodipine prim mech
block L type calcium channels (mostly in vascular smooth muscle), less ca2+. influx means less cross bridge formation = vasodilation which reduces peripheral resistance
amlodipine drug target
L type calcium channel
ca2+ channel blocker side effects
Ankle oedema
Constipation
Palpitations
Flushing/Headaches
Thiazide examples
Bendroflumethiazide and indapamide (thiazide-like diuretic)
Thiazide prim mech
block na+/Cl- co-transporter in early DCT to stop Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, so theres less water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Thiazide drug target
Na+/ Cl- co-transporter
Thiazide side effects
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia.
Metabolic alkalosis (increased hydrogen ion excretion)
Hypercalcemia.
Hyperglycemia (hyperpolarised pancreatic beta cells).
Hyperuricemia.
ARBs full form and exmples
Angiotensin receptor Blockers,
Losartan, Irbesartan, Candestartan
ARB prim mech
non-competitive antagonist of AT1 receptor in kidneys and on vasculature
ARB drug target
Angiotensin receptor (AT1)
