hypertension Flashcards
(18 cards)
a sustained increase in diastolic bp
hypertension
cause unknown; accounts for approximately 85-90% of cases
essential hypertension
accounts for 10-15% of cases; due to a secondary health problem
secondary hypertension
a sudden sustained increase in the diastolic pressure which may be life threatening
malignant hypertension
properly diagnose hypertension
elevated pressure readings for 2x obained at least 1 week apart
nonmodifiable risk factors in essential hypertension
age
gender
ethnic group
family history
modifiable risk factors in essential hypertension
obesity stress substance abuse excess sodium elevated serum lipids
occurs when the left ventricle can no longer pump against the increased resistance to blood flow
congestive heart failure
6 complications of hypertension
CAD congestive heart failure cerebral vascular disease nephrosclerosis retinopathy hypertensive crisis
treatment
diet exercise antihypertensive meds diuretics maintain good weight moderate alcohol intake decrease caffeine stop smoking assist client to cope with stress
reasons for noncompliance with meds
side effects
cost
poor relationship b/w client and provider
acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to produce vasodilation
vasodilators
decrease sympathetic effect on bp and decrease sympathetic tone, which leads to dilation of both arterioles and veins
centrally acting sympatholytics
reduce peripheral vasculature resistance without increasing cardiac output, rate, or contractility; angiotension antagonists
ace inhibitors
prolong coagulation by inactivation of clotting factors (heparin) and by decreasing synthesis of clotting factors (coumadin)
anticoagulation
block na and chloride reabsorption, which causes water and solutes to be retained in the nephrons
loops
increase renal excretion of na, cl, k and water. require adequate urine output to be effective
tthiazides
block the effect of aldosterone on the renal tubules
K sparing diuretics
